25 Questions
Trichoderma fungus is the basis of producing various protective biological products called _______________
biofungicides
Biofungicides provide high and long-term protection of plants from a wide range of _______________ diseases
fungal
The use of biological preparations in crop production is an important step towards the _______________ of Agriculture
ecologization
Biological means of Plant Protection make it possible to significantly reduce or even completely stop the use of _______________ analogues
chemical
Biofungicides are biological products aimed at combating fungal and _______________ diseases of grain, vegetable, fruit and berry crops
bacterial
Biological products are used to protect plants from ______, acting as soil treatments to reduce risk of diseases.
pathogens
Effective against early stages of diseases, but require preventative measures and frequent ______.
re-applications
- Divided into three main groups: bacterial, ______, and viral biological products, with the first two being more commonly used.
mushroom
Biofungicide 'Alirin B': effective against root rot, late blight, and powdery mildew, among ______.
others
Rules for working with biofungicides: proper storage, reading instructions, wearing protective gear, and safe ______.
disposal
Microorganisms are the active components of Biological Products, with natural fungicides designed to protect plants from bacterial and fungal ______
diseases
Fungal diseases account for over 80% of all plant diseases, infecting plants through various means including stomata, wounds, and ______ pests
insect
Common agricultural practices like crop rotation, weed removal, and optimal feeding regimes improve overall plant health but don't eliminate ______ entirely
diseases
Fungal spores and mycelial elements are well-preserved in the soil and other environments, leading to an average annual loss of 3.5% of major food crops due to fungal ______
infections
The first fungicides were based on copper, sulfur, mercury, and chlorine, but modern fungicides include those based on fungi, bacteria, and other ______
substances
Culture medium for bacterial cultivation: Option 1 (local liquid filtered or unfiltered Bard), Option 2 (granular ______), Option 3 (dry loose ______), Option 4 (dry granulated or crushed beer grains)
bar
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens OPS-32 strain achieves high levels of ______ in culture and does not require additional components
spore
Biological products are effective, non-accumulating, non-harmful, and can strengthen plant immunity, but have shorter ______ than chemical alternatives
shelf life
Siderophores facilitate ______, contributing to biofungicide production and effectiveness
iron transport
Different options have varying ______ and require adjustments to ingredients and cooking processes
product titers
Biological products for ______ cultivation include treatments for tubers before planting and sprays for plants during the growing season.
potato
Tomatoes in open ground can benefit from a variety of biological products used for seed soaking, soil watering, and plant spraying.
tomatoes
Four biological products are registered for use on open-ground ______, including seed soaking treatments, soil watering, and plant sprays during growth.
cucumbers
Three biofungicides are allowed for use on white ______ on private farms to combat fungal and bacterial phytopathogenic infections.
cabbage
Biological products can be used to combat gray rot on ______.
strawberries
Study Notes
-
Biomass level of pseudomonads depends on oxygen saturation of environment for production of active bacterial drug
-
Modern bio-laboratories with aerated bioreactors necessary for bacterial cultivation and high-quality biofungicide creation
-
Various biofungicides based on bacteria manufactured by different companies: Syngenta, Corteva Agriscience, BASF, Nufarm, FMC, Agro, etc.
-
Biological enterprises also offer biofungicides on the market
-
Biofungicides of pseudomonads suppress diseases through antagonism due to complex of antibiotic substances, protein compounds, peptides, lytic enzymes, siderophores, and other biologically active compounds
-
Many rhizospheric bacteria synthesize phytohormones, stimulating plant growth and promoting mineral absorption
-
Siderophores facilitate iron transport, contributing to biofungicide production and effectiveness
-
Culture medium for bacterial cultivation: Option 1 (local liquid filtered or unfiltered Bard), Option 2 (granular bar), Option 3 (dry loose bar), Option 4 (dry granulated or crushed beer grains)
-
Different options have varying product titers and require adjustments to ingredients and cooking processes
-
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens OPS-32 strain achieves high levels of spore in culture and does not require additional components
-
Biological products are effective, non-accumulating, non-harmful, and can strengthen plant immunity, but have shorter shelf life than chemical alternatives.
-
In summer, using cloudy days for treating plants with fungicides is recommended, as heat causes water to evaporate and potentially harmful concentrations to form.
-
After fungicide treatment, remove clothes, clean nose, rinse mouth, wash thoroughly, and consider taking a shower.
-
Biological products made from live bacterial cells, fungi, beneficial microorganisms, and plant extracts are effective and safe for horticultural use, contributing to healthy plant development and fighting diseases and pests.
-
Biological fungicides are created through genetic work and function by utilizing microorganisms that are part of the pathogenic microflora.
-
Biological fungicides are effective against fungal diseases by inhibiting harmful fungi and destroying their mycelium, thereby preventing disease spread.
-
Biofungicide "Ampelomycin" is made from the fungus Ampelomyces quisqualis and is used to treat powdery mildew in plants.
-
Biofungicide "Gliocladin" is derived from the fungus gliocladium virens and effectively combats root rot.
-
Biofungicide "Coniothyrin" is produced from the fungus Conio-thyrium minitans and is effective against white and gray rot.
-
Fitosporin-M is a broad-spectrum biofungicide composed of live bacteria that suppress fungal and bacterial infections in plants and is approved for use in various crops.
-
Biological products for potato cultivation include treatments for tubers before planting and sprays for plants during the growing season.
-
Tomatoes in open ground can benefit from a variety of biological products used for seed soaking, soil watering, and plant spraying.
-
Four biological products are registered for use on open-ground cucumbers, including seed soaking treatments, soil watering, and plant sprays during growth.
-
Three biofungicides are allowed for use on white cabbage on private farms to combat fungal and bacterial phytopathogenic infections.
-
Biological products can be used to combat gray rot on strawberries.
Test your knowledge about the use and benefits of biological products for protecting plants from pathogens and diseases. Learn about the advantages and limitations of using these products compared to chemical pesticides.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
