Biological Physics Lecture Summary

<p>The number of independent random mutations required for cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Air currents in the room (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flow dominates diffusion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Work done = force × distance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6 billion bits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Input must affect output. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10 nN. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple molecules binding together to affect output. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Airborne infectious diseases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion dominates over flow. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mass scales with the cube of the height. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surface tension only increases with contact length, not mass. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the Bond number is much greater than 1. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases as the square of the distance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases linearly with the distance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smaller droplets are almost spherical, while larger droplets are flattened. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The surface tension force is sufficient to hold them up. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cross-sectional area of their femurs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The maximum force that an object can withstand before breaking or deforming.

The ratio of the force applied to the cross-sectional area of the object.

A measure of a fluid's resistance to deformation.

A dimensionless number that compares gravity forces to surface tension forces.

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

The relationship between the time it takes for a substance to diffuse a certain distance and the square of that distance.

The rate at which a substance flows or moves.

The time it takes for a substance to move a certain distance via flow at a given speed.

The fraction of air in a room that has passed through someone's lungs and may carry pathogens like SARS-CoV-2 or TB.

The concentration of CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere is approximately 400 parts per million (ppm), while the concentration in our breath is around 40,000 ppm.

The speed at which aerosol particles, like mucus droplets, fall under gravity. It depends on the particle's size and is influenced by gravity and Stokes drag.

The probability that a person of a specific age will die from a particular cancer.

The number of independent random mutations required for a lethal cancer to develop.

The ratio of the timescale of diffusion over a characteristic length scale to the timescale of advection over the same length scale. It quantifies the relative importance of diffusion and advection in a system.

A dimensionless number that compares the forces of gravity to surface tension forces. A large Bond number indicates that gravity is the dominant force, and a small Bond number indicates that surface tension is the dominant force.

The force exerted by a nanomotor, typically on the order of 10^-11 Newtons.

A switch-like mechanism in biological systems where the output (e.g., production of a protein) is either ON or OFF, depending on the input signal (e.g., concentration of signaling molecules).

The process of cells dividing and multiplying. It's essential for growth and development.

The process by which cells communicate with each other through chemical signals. It plays a vital role in coordinating cell behavior.