40 Questions
What is manure obtained from?
Decomposition of plant and animal waste
Why is it necessary to maintain an appropriate distance between seeds?
To avoid overcrowding
What is the purpose of adding manure to the soil?
To provide nutrients for plant growth
What is vermicomposting?
A method of composting using worms
What is the role of Rhizobium bacteria in leguminous plants?
They fix atmospheric nitrogen
What is the main difference between fertilisers and manure?
Fertilisers are produced in factories, while manure is decomposed naturally
What is manure obtained from?
Decomposition of cattle dung and plant residues
What is a characteristic of fertilizers?
They are man-made inorganic salts
What is an example of a fertiliser?
Urea
What is the purpose of the activity of germinating seeds in different glasses?
To compare the effect of different fertilisers on plant growth
What is an advantage of manure over fertilizers?
It provides a lot of humus to the soil
What is crop production and management?
The process of growing and managing crops
What is the purpose of watering fields regularly?
To maintain the moisture of the soil for healthy crop growth
What is the main difference between fertilizers and manure?
Fertilizers are man-made, while manure is natural
Why are farmers encouraged to adopt the practice of growing seedlings with manure?
To replenish the soil with nitrogen
What is the role of humus in the soil?
It maintains the moisture of the soil
Why is it essential to remove weeds before they produce flowers and seeds?
To prevent the weeds from interfering with harvesting and to prevent them from being poisonous for animals and human beings
What is the primary purpose of using weedicides?
To kill the weeds
Why should farmers use weedicides carefully?
Because they can affect the health of farmers
What is the purpose of tilling the soil before sowing crops?
To uproot and kill the weeds
What is the name of the tool used to uproot weeds manually?
Khurpi
What is the time period required for a cereal crop to mature?
3 to 4 months
What is harvesting in the context of agriculture?
The process of cutting crops after they are mature
What is the name of the chemical used to kill weeds?
2,4-D
What happens to the stubs left in the field after harvesting?
They are burnt by farmers
Why should harvested grains be dried?
To reduce the risk of spoilage
What is the purpose of winnowing?
To separate grains from chaff
Why does Paheli worry about the stubs?
Because they can cause pollution and fires
Why are neem leaves used in storing wheat?
To repel insects and pests
What happens to freshly harvested grains if not dried?
They get spoilt or attacked by organisms
What is the purpose of drying harvested grains?
To prevent attack by insects and fungi
Why is storage of grains important?
To keep them safe from moisture, insects, and microorganisms
What happens to the soil when excessive fertilizers are used?
The soil becomes less fertile
What is the purpose of leaving the field uncultivated (fallow)?
To replenish soil nutrients
What is the benefit of using manure in soil?
It improves soil texture and water retaining capacity
What is the purpose of crop rotation?
To replenish soil nutrients
What is the effect of fertilizers on water?
They pollute water
What is the result of using excessive fertilizers?
Soil becomes less fertile
What is the advantage of using organic manure?
It improves soil texture and water retaining capacity
What was the traditional practice of farmers in northern India?
Growing legumes and wheat alternately
Study Notes
Crop Production and Management
- Rhizobium bacteria are present in the nodules of leguminous plants and fix atmospheric nitrogen.
- Farmers are encouraged to adopt crop rotation to replenish soil with nutrients.
- Crop rotation involves growing different crops alternately, such as legumes and wheat.
Fertilisers and Manure
- Fertilisers are man-made inorganic salts rich in plant nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
- Examples of fertilisers are urea, ammonium sulphate, super phosphate, and NPK.
- Fertilisers are produced in factories and can make the soil less fertile if used excessively.
- Manure is a natural substance obtained from the decomposition of plant or animal waste.
- Manure provides humus to the soil, protects it from frost and hot air currents, and maintains soil moisture.
- Manure is an organic substance that is better than fertilisers.
Weeds and Their Control
- Weeds interfere with crop growth, may be poisonous, and can affect harvesting.
- Tilling before sowing helps in uprooting and killing weeds.
- Manual removal of weeds involves physical removal by uprooting or cutting them close to the ground.
- Weedicides, like 2,4-D, are chemicals used to control weeds without damaging crops.
Harvesting
- Harvesting is the process of cutting crops after they mature.
- Harvesting usually takes 3-4 months for a cereal crop to mature.
- Harvesting can be done manually or by machines.
Storage
- Storage of produce is an important task to keep grains safe from moisture, insects, rats, and microorganisms.
- Harvested grains have more moisture and need to be dried in the sun to reduce moisture before storing.
- Methods like winnowing and using dried neem leaves can help prevent spoilage and attack by insects and microorganisms.
Learn about the process of biological nitrogen fixation, its importance in soil replenishment, and how farmers can adopt this practice. Recall your previous knowledge about Rhizobium bacteria.
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