Biological Membrane Overview

<p>Connexons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gap junctions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are composed of unsaturated fatty acids. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain membrane fluidity over a range of temperatures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peripheral proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Danielli and Davson (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesis of proteins within the cell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing structural support and stability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generating energy for the cell through ATP synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholesterol helps to stabilize the lipid rafts and maintain their structure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It highlights the dynamic and flexible nature of the membrane with moving components (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7-10 nm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are attached to the membrane by covalent bonds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipid-anchored membrane proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covalent bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lateral movement of proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrophobic amino acid sequences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>With the use of weak electrostatic forces and hydrogen bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Via proton pumping and electron transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are generally more restricted than lipid movements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased membrane fluidity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are the primary component of all cellular membranes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholesterol increases fluidity at low temperatures and decreases fluidity at high temperatures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide a platform for specific proteins to interact and function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be easily deformed by small forces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased membrane fluidity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High permeability to large molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow for membrane transport and cell signaling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The temperature at which membrane fluidity changes significantly.

Dynamic microdomains in membranes, thicker and less fluid, rich in cholesterol and saturated lipids.

Involved in cholesterol transport, endocytosis, signal transduction, and sequestering proteins.

Proteins that are permanently attached and span across the membrane, involved in transport and signaling.

Proteins that attach loosely to the membrane's surface, often by electrostatic interactions.

Proteins with carbohydrate side chains added through glycosylation.

Attachment of carbohydrates to proteins via nitrogen (amino group).

Attachment of carbohydrates to proteins via oxygen (hydroxyl group).

Lipids with carbohydrate chains mainly on the cell's exterior.

Processes that allow cells to interact and communicate, involving ECM and cell junctions.

Basic components of all biological membranes, amphipathic in nature.

Molecules with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.

Forms a stable barrier between two aqueous environments due to phospholipid arrangement.

Refers to how easily lipids and proteins move within the bilayer.

The degree to which fatty acid chains contain double bonds that affect membrane fluidity.

A lipid that stabilizes cell membranes and alters their fluidity.

Changes in temperature affect the fluidity of the lipid bilayer.

Ability of lipid bilayers to spontaneously reseal after damage.

A biological barrier that separates the interior of the cell from the external environment, facilitating selective transport and communication.

A model describing the cell membrane as a dynamic structure with a mix of lipids and proteins, allowing movement and fluidity.

Fat molecules, mainly phospholipids, that form a bilayer in the cell membrane providing structure and stability.

Proteins that span the entire membrane, playing key roles in transport and signaling.

The process of converting external signals into cellular responses through energy input.

Energy required to break covalent bonds in membrane proteins is 70-150 kcal, making them strong.

Proteins loosely attached to the membrane via electrostatic and hydrogen bonds, lacking hydrophobic sequences.

Peripheral proteins bound by lipid molecules that are found on one bilayer surface.

Movement of proteins is lateral and rotational, restricted compared to phospholipids, and can be temperature-dependent.

Large complexes of membrane proteins that participate in processes like proton pumping and signal transduction.

Sugar-containing molecules like glycoproteins and glycolipids that play roles in cell recognition and signaling.