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What are the common characteristics of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates?
What are the common characteristics of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates?
They all contain the element carbon, they contain simpler units that are linked together making larger molecules, and they all contain functional groups.
A peptide bond forms by?
A peptide bond forms by?
- Condensation reaction
- Dehydration synthesis
- Formation of a covalent bond
- All of the above (correct)
Protein motifs are considered a type of what?
Protein motifs are considered a type of what?
Secondary Structure
The substitution of one amino acid for another can change which structures of the polypeptide?
The substitution of one amino acid for another can change which structures of the polypeptide?
What are the purine nucleotides?
What are the purine nucleotides?
Which of the following best describes the base-pairing in DNA?
Which of the following best describes the base-pairing in DNA?
What is a characteristic common to all lipids?
What is a characteristic common to all lipids?
What are the functions of carbohydrates in the cell?
What are the functions of carbohydrates in the cell?
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Study Notes
Common Characteristics of Biological Macromolecules
- Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates all contain carbon.
- They are composed of simpler units linked together to form larger molecules.
- Each type of macromolecule contains specific functional groups that contribute to its properties.
Peptide Bond Formation
- Peptide bonds are formed through a condensation reaction, also known as dehydration synthesis.
- This process involves the formation of a covalent bond between amino acids.
Protein Structure
- Protein motifs represent a type of secondary structure that contributes to the overall shape and function of proteins.
Amino Acid Substitution Effects
- Substituting one amino acid for another alters the primary structure of a polypeptide.
- Such changes can also impact the secondary and tertiary structures, potentially affecting protein function.
Purine Nucleotides
- The purine nucleotides are adenine and guanine, which play vital roles in nucleic acid structure and function.
DNA Base-Pairing
- In DNA molecules, base-pairing occurs specifically between adenine and thymine, with two hydrogen bonds forming between these bases.
Lipid Properties
- A key characteristic of all lipids is their insolubility in water, making them distinct from other macromolecules.
Functions of Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates serve multiple functions in cells, including:
- Sugar transport in plants through disaccharides.
- Energy storage in plants in the form of starches.
- Sugar transport in humans, primarily utilizing glucose.
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