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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the first occurrence of menstruation in females?
What is the term for the first occurrence of menstruation in females?
- Menarche (correct)
- Ovulation
- Gestation
- Menstruation
Menstruation typically lasts between one to three days.
Menstruation typically lasts between one to three days.
False (B)
What structure in the male anatomy becomes engorged with blood to cause an erection?
What structure in the male anatomy becomes engorged with blood to cause an erection?
Cavernous bodies
The menstrual cycle is governed by the ________, which monitors hormone levels in the bloodstream.
The menstrual cycle is governed by the ________, which monitors hormone levels in the bloodstream.
Which of the following is NOT a secondary sexual characteristic in females after puberty?
Which of the following is NOT a secondary sexual characteristic in females after puberty?
Match the following male external genitalia with their descriptions:
Match the following male external genitalia with their descriptions:
Females generally have a lower mortality rate at every age compared to males.
Females generally have a lower mortality rate at every age compared to males.
What is the average cycle length of menstruation?
What is the average cycle length of menstruation?
What is the primary function of the female sexual anatomy?
What is the primary function of the female sexual anatomy?
The perineum is the area of skin separating the genitalia from the anus, which is longer in females than in males.
The perineum is the area of skin separating the genitalia from the anus, which is longer in females than in males.
What hormone is primarily responsible for influencing female sex characteristics?
What hormone is primarily responsible for influencing female sex characteristics?
The structure that connects the vagina to the uterus is called the ______.
The structure that connects the vagina to the uterus is called the ______.
Which of the following structures is responsible for carrying egg cells from the ovaries to the uterus?
Which of the following structures is responsible for carrying egg cells from the ovaries to the uterus?
Most immature ova survive from birth to puberty.
Most immature ova survive from birth to puberty.
During sexual arousal, what happens to the vagina?
During sexual arousal, what happens to the vagina?
Match the following female reproductive structures with their functions:
Match the following female reproductive structures with their functions:
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Study Notes
The Biological Female
- Anatomy involves studying structures relating to the body's parts; female sexual anatomy is designed for ovum production, fertilization, and infant delivery.
- Puberty brings the final development of primary and accessory reproductive organs.
- External Genitalia Components include:
- Vulva: all external genital structures combined.
- Mons Veneris: fatty tissue pad located between the pubic bone and skin.
- Labia Majora: outer lips encasing other structures.
- Clitoral Hood (Prepuce): skin covering the clitoris.
- Clitoris: sensitive organ with a glans, shaft, and root; sensitive to stimulation.
- Labia Minora: inner lips surrounding the vestibule with blood vessels and nerve endings.
- Vestibule: area around the urethral opening and vagina; highly sensitive.
- Urethral Opening: connects to the bladder and facilitates urination.
- Vaginal Opening (Introitus): entry to the vagina.
- Perineum: skin area separating genitalia from anus; shorter distance in females than in males.
- Internal Structures:
- Vagina: collapsible canal from the opening to the cervix, engorges with blood during arousal, releasing lubricants.
- Cervix: the narrow end of the uterus leading to the vagina.
- Uterus: organ in the pelvic area for carrying a fetus.
- Fallopian Tubes: channels for transporting egg cells from ovaries to the uterus; site of fertilization.
- Ovaries: produce estrogen and progesterone; responsible for ovum production and maturation, with approximately 400,000 ova surviving to puberty.
Menstrual Cycle and Puberty
- Menarche: first menstrual episode occurs between ages 11-15.
- Menstruation: sloughing off of the uterine lining if no conception occurs, lasting 2-6 days, with cycles spanning 24-42 days.
- Ovulation: occurs approximately 14 days before the next menstrual cycle.
- Regulation: hypothalamus monitors hormone levels influencing the cycle.
- Secondary Sexual Characteristics post-puberty include:
- Widening hips and pelvis for birthing.
- Breast enlargement due to developing glandular and fatty tissues.
- Height generally shorter than males and higher body fat percentage.
- Two X chromosomes reduce the expression of sex-linked conditions.
- Longer projected lifespan and lower mortality rates compared to males.
The Biological Male
- Male anatomy facilitates sperm production and delivery for fertilization of the female ovum.
- External Genitalia Components include:
- Prepuce: foreskin removed during circumcision.
- Penis: consists of glans (head), shaft, and root; sensitive to stimulation.
- Urethra: runs through the penis, surrounded by spongy body and cavernous bodies, engorging with blood during arousal, leading to erection.
- Corona: rim of the glans where it joins the shaft.
- Frenulum: skin strip connecting glans and shaft.
- Scrotum: sac containing compartments for testes.
- Urethral Opening: located at the penis head, serving as the passage for urine and sperm.
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