Biological Diversity Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does the text suggest is the significance of variability within a species?

  • It ensures the species remains genetically stable over time.
  • It promotes competition between individuals within the species.
  • It increases the chance of survival if the environment changes. (correct)
  • It allows for more efficient use of resources.

    • Which of these options describes the term 'species'?

  • Living (biotic) things and how they interact with other living things and non-living (abiotic) things in a shared environment.
  • A group of individuals of the same species living in an area.
  • A group of organisms that have the same structure and can reproduce with one another (correct)
  • All living things that share certain characteristics

    • Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential environmental change that could impact a species' survival?

  • Climate change
  • Changes in food availability
  • Increased competition between individuals. (correct)
  • Introduction of new predators

    • Why is biological diversity greater near the Equator than the North or South poles?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which environmental changes influence the survival of a species?

    <p>Natural selection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic that distinguishes the 13 finch species on the Galápagos Islands from each other?

    <p>The shape of their beaks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an ecosystem?

    <p>Living (biotic) things and how they interact with other living things and non-living (abiotic) things in a shared environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does understanding species distribution contribute to our understanding of biological diversity?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of the statement "The beak of each species is suited to its preferred food"?

    <p>Beaks evolved through natural selection, favoring traits that aid in accessing specific food sources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by all living things?

    <p>Ability to move independently (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason scientists use a classification system for organisms?

    <p>To make it easier to study and identify different species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a two-word name used to identify a species?

    <p>Canis lupus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a kingdom in the five-kingdom classification system?

    <p>Bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of food chains and food webs in an ecosystem?

    <p>To display the relationships within an environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of symbiotic relationship is characterized by one organism benefiting while the other is neither helped nor harmed?

    <p>Commensalism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process occurs when species divide resources due to different adaptations?

    <p>Resource partitioning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the mutualistic relationship between an Acacia tree and ants, what do the ants provide to the tree?

    <p>Protection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of interspecies competition in an environment?

    <p>Diminished resources for all species involved (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of classification is directly below 'Kingdom'?

    <p>Phyla (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of parasitic relationship is exemplified by a tapeworm in a human?

    <p>Parasitism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect defines the 'niche' of an organism within its ecosystem?

    <p>Its role and interactions within the ecosystem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Biological Diversity

    The variety of different types of organisms on Earth.

    Species

    A group of organisms that can reproduce with one another and share similar structures.

    DNA

    The inherited material that contains the genetic information for variations in organisms.

    Ecosystem

    A community of living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) things interacting in a shared environment.

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    Population

    A group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area.

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    Species Distribution

    Refers to how species are spread out across the planet; more diverse near the Equator.

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    Linnaean Classification

    A system developed by Carolus Linnaeus to name and classify organisms with two-word names.

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    Five Kingdoms

    The classification system for living organisms, including Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista.

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    Ecosystem Interaction

    Communities and species within an ecosystem must interact for it to function smoothly.

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    Genetic Diversity

    Different ecosystems have a vast range of genetic differences among species.

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    Variation Within Species

    Significant variability in a species increases chances of survival during environmental changes.

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    Natural Selection

    Process where the environment determines which individuals survive to reproduce.

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    Darwin's Finches

    Thirteen related species of finches in the Galápagos, exhibiting beak variations adapted to food availability.

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    Monera

    A kingdom of single-celled organisms, including bacteria.

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    Symbiosis

    An interaction between members of different species living together.

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    Commensalism

    A type of symbiosis where one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.

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    Mutualism

    A type of symbiosis where both organisms benefit from the interaction.

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    Parasitism

    A type of symbiosis where one organism benefits at the expense of another.

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    Niche

    The role of an organism in its ecosystem, including habitat and food sources.

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    Interspecies Competition

    Competition between different species for the same resources, resulting in less for both.

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    Resource Partitioning

    Dividing resources among species to avoid competition.

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    Study Notes

    Biological Diversity

    • Biological diversity is the variety of life on Earth
    • Species reproduce, and characteristics are passed from parents to offspring
    • DNA is the inherited material that controls variation
    • Human activity affects biological diversity

    Examining Diversity

    • Earth has approximately 1.5 million species of animals and 350,000 species of plants
    • A species is a group of organisms that share similar structures and can reproduce together
    • There are estimated to be between 30-100 million different kinds of organisms today.
    • Living things share characteristics like being made of cells, needing energy, growing and developing, reproducing, and having adaptations suited to their environment

    Understanding Biological Diversity

    • Biological diversity refers to all different types of organisms on Earth
    • The Earth is too large to study all diversity at once, so scientists study smaller groups such as ecosystems
    • An ecosystem includes biotic (living) things and abiotic (non-living) things in a shared environment
    • Studying ecosystems helps scientists understand how species differ in different environments
    • A population is a group of individuals of the same species living in a particular area (e.g., all bullfrogs in a pond)

    Species Distribution

    • Species are not evenly distributed on Earth
    • More diversity is found closer to the equator than at the poles

    Classifying Biological Diversity

    • Carolus Linnaeus developed a naming system for organisms and classifying them
    • Two-word names are used, including the genus and species (e.g., Canis lupus (wolf))
    • Classification groups based on physical structure
    • Organism are grouped into 5 kingdoms: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera

    Classification System

    • A hierarchical system groups species based on similarities
    • Hierarchical levels, from broadest to narrowest: Kingdom, Phylum, Subphylum, Class, Order, Genus, Species

    Interdependence

    • Each species is dependent on other species in its environment to survive
    • Organisms interact through food chains and food webs representing interrelationships within an environment
    • Symbiosis is an association/interaction between members of different species

    Symbiosis Types

    • Commensalism: One benefits while the other is unaffected (e.g., barnacles on whales)
    • Mutualism: Both organisms benefit (e.g., acacia trees and ants)
    • Parasitism: One benefits while the other is harmed (e.g., tapeworms in humans)

    Niches

    • An organism's role in an ecosystem involves what it eats, what eats it, its habitat, nesting sites, and how it affects other populations
    • Interspecies competition occurs when different species compete for the same resources (e.g. food), which can lead to less resources for each individual species

    Resource Partitioning

    • Resources are divided up due to behavioral adaptations
    • Intraspecies competition describes competition for resources among members of the same species

    Homework

    • Page 15: Check & Reflect questions 1-7
    • Page 19: Check & Reflect questions 1 & 2
    • Page 24: Check & Reflect questions 1, 2, and 4
    • Page 25: Assess Your Learning questions 1-8

    Variation Within Species

    • Ecosystems function smoothly when communities and species interact properly.
    • Ecosystems have huge genetic diversity among their species
    • Populations show extensive variation within a species
    • Greater variability within a species improves survival chances in changing environments
    • Environmental changes (climatic, new predators, diseases, toxins) can impact species' survival

    Natural Selection

    • The environment "selects" which individuals survive long enough to reproduce
    • Examples include Darwin's illustrations of beak variation in finches from the Galapagos Islands
    • Natural selection does not grant organisms what they "need."

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    Related Documents

    Unit A Biological Diversity Section 1.0-1.3 PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the concept of biological diversity, including the variety of life forms, their characteristics, and the impact of human activities on ecosystems. You will learn about the different species, their reproduction, and the importance of genetic material in maintaining diversity on Earth.

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