Biological Beginnings Quiz

Natural Selection

• Individuals best adapted to their environment survive and leave more offspring.
• This process is called natural selection.

Fitness

• An organism's ability to bear offspring that survive long enough to bear offspring of their own is called fitness.

Evolutionary Psychology

• This field acknowledges the influence of evolution on human adaptation but rejects "one-sided evolutionism."

Genomics

• The term used to describe the increase in genetic data generated at a reduced cost and shorter time than in the past is genomics.

Epigenetics

• Certain genes become turned on or off as a result of exercise through epigenetic mechanisms.

Life History Theory

• Evolutionary theory concerning the lifespan of individuals focuses on the trade-offs between reproduction and survival.

Active Genotype-Environment Correlation

• Individuals actively seek out environments that support their genetic tendencies, which is called an active genotype-environment correlation.

Passive Genotype-Environment Correlation

• Children inherit both genes and the environments their family provides, known as a passive genotype-environment correlation.

Evocative Genotype-Environment Correlation

• The social environment reacts to individuals based on their inherited characteristics, which is called an evocative genotype-environment correlation.

Reactive Genotype-Environment Correlation

• A child's positive traits eliciting friendly responses from others is an example of a reactive genotype-environment correlation.

Niche Picking

• Children gravitating towards locations like libraries, sports fields, or music stores based on their talents and interests illustrates niche picking.

Passive Gene-Environment Interaction

• Musically inclined parents typically raise musically inclined children due to the enriched musical environment provided, showcasing a passive gene-environment interaction.

Zygote

• An egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell called a zygote during fertilization.

Klinefelter Syndrome

• Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by an extra X chromosome in males.

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

• Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder related to the improper metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine.

Sickle-Cell Anemia

• Sickle-cell anemia impairs the functioning of red blood cells in the body.

Amniocentesis

• Amniocentesis is a prenatal medical procedure that involves withdrawing amniotic fluid for testing for chromosomal or metabolic disorders.