24 Questions
Which bioterrorism attack aimed to influence local elections?
Rajneeshee cult's Salmonella attack
What substance was used in the CW attack by the Aum Shinrikyo doomsday cult in 1995?
Sarin
Which individual ordered several pathogens, including Pseudomonas Aeruginosa?
Hope Ybarra
What is Pseudomonas Aeruginosa known to cause?
Pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patients
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Bacillus Anthracis?
Grows well on MacConkey agar
What is the untreated case fatality rate for cutaneous anthrax caused by Bacillus Anthracis?
20%
Which of the following is a characteristic of spores formed by Bacillus Anthracis?
Can survive years in the environment
What is the cause of inhalation anthrax, also known as wool-sorters' disease?
Inhalation of spores
What is the primary focal manifestation of gastrointestinal anthrax?
Ulcer formation
What is the key factor contributing to the high level of virulence of Bacillus Anthracis?
Production of toxins
What is the characteristic colony morphology of Bacillus Anthracis on blood agar?
Non-hemolytic colonies
What is the role of the 83-kDa form of protective antigen (PA) of anthrax toxin?
Binds to the ATR of the host cell surface
What is the main cause of the 1979 Anthrax Incident at Sverdlovsk (Ekaterinburg) USSR?
Inhalation of spores from tainted meat
What is the role of spores in the transmission of Bacillus Anthracis?
Serve to sequester the genome away in a safe environment
Which antibiotic is recommended for empirical treatment of anthrax?
Ciprofloxacin
What is the causative agent of bubonic plague?
Yersinia Pestis
What is the incubation period for bubonic plague?
2-7 days
Which toxin causes respiratory distress, fever, and pulmonary edema?
Ricin toxin
What is the recommended treatment for pneumonic plague?
Antibiotic therapy
Which vaccine is used against anthrax?
BioThrax vaccine
What is the characteristic onset of bubonic plague?
Fever and painful bubo
Which antibiotic is used for cutaneous anthrax despite penicillin resistance?
Amoxicillin
What causes severe skin irritation and respiratory distress?
Sulfur mustard
Which type of plague is transmissible and often leads to death without antibiotic therapy?
Pneumonic plague
Study Notes
Biological and Chemical Threats: Key Information
- Anthrax toxins EF and LF induce edema, necrosis, hypoxia through host cell targets
- Empirical treatment for anthrax involves ciprofloxacin or doxycycline with additional antibiotics
- Penicillin resistance observed, but amoxicillin still recommended for cutaneous anthrax
- BioThrax vaccine and Raxibacumab monoclonal antitoxin are used against anthrax
- Yersinia Pestis, a Gram-negative bacillus, causes bubonic plague and pneumonic plague
- Bubonic plague incubation is 2-7 days; onset marked by fever and painful bubo
- Pneumonic plague is transmissible; death common without antibiotic therapy
- Plague diagnosis: microscopically identify Y. Pestis in blood, lymph node, or sputum; start appropriate therapy immediately
- Smallpox eradicated in 1980, vaccination stopped in 1972, live virus stocks retained
- Ricin toxin from castor beans causes respiratory distress, fever, cough, pulmonary edema
- Sulfur mustard causes severe skin irritation, respiratory distress, and can be lethal
- Nerve agents cause a range of symptoms including respiratory distress, seizures, and death
Test your knowledge on biological and chemical threats with this informative quiz. Explore key information on anthrax, plague, smallpox, ricin toxin, sulfur mustard, and nerve agents. Brush up on treatment, diagnosis, and preventive measures for these dangerous threats.
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