Biological and Chemical Hazards

<p>Sandpaper appearance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase calcium oxalate formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium sulfate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysosomes of RTE cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium sulfate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coarse, yellow-brown granules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FeCl3 tube test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rancid butter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oil droplets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colorless slender needles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type 1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spheres with a cell wall and concentric circles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hair and fibers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glomerulonephritis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quantitate and report with specific codes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemoglobin from lysed RBCs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They suggest inflammation or infection in the nephron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their average number is reported per 10 HPFs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Possible urinary tract infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contamination from the external urethra (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>May indicate metabolic abnormalities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased uric acid levels in blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) Test (A), Acid albumin test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Henoch Schönlein Purpura (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perinuclear ANCA (p-ANCA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only mental retardation as the abnormality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mucopolysaccharide (MPS) Paper Test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RBC casts in urine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adequate fetal lung maturity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Longer fluorescence and low polarization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>95% water and 5% solids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Optical scatter method (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Correlates with a L/S ratio of greater than 2.0 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a sterile body fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sialic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25 WBC/LPF (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molar pregnancy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First trimester (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amniocentesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ectopic pregnancy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25 mIU/mL (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amniocentesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keep at room temperature or 37°C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spina bifida (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetal hemoglobin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cells present in urine from lining of tubules or other parts of the urinary system. Their presence and quantity varied. It is quantitated by per LPF (low power field).

Cylindrical structures in urine composed of white blood cells, indicating inflammation or infection in kidney's nephron region.

Cylindrical structure in urine containing red blood cells., indicating bleeding within the nephron region.; Quantitated by quantity per HPF (high power field).

Urine casts provide insight into potential kidney diseases or conditions.

Cylindrical structures in urine, containing hemoglobin from lysed red blood cells, having characteristic orange-red color.

Presence of bacteria in urine sample implies infection; quantitated by per HPF

Cells from the kidney's tubules; Normal presence can vary and is usually assessed by number per 10 HPF, high power fields.

Clump of leukocytes that resembles, but is not a true cast. Do not report as a cast.

Urinary casts composed of cells (small, round, oval).

Urinary crystals, frequently observed, formed from calcium oxalate.

Urinary casts visible using Gram stain; indicative of infection.

Urinary casts made of granules (from broken down cells).

A specific type of calcium oxalate crystal (oval or dumbbell shape).

A specific type of calcium oxalate crystal (envelope, bipyramidal, octahedron shape).

Kidney disease associated with granular casts.

Damage to structures inside the kidney.

Coarse, yellow-brown granules resembling amorphous urates and detectable by Prussian blue stain.

Colorless slender needles in alkaline urine, strongly birefringent under polarized light.

Slender colorless needles or rectangular plates, often feather-like, forming bundles or sheaves.

Spherical shapes with dimpled centers, sometimes forming a Maltese cross pattern under polarized light.

Oval structures often seen in urine caused by damaged cells.

Tube-like structures in the urine filled with lipids.

Lipid droplets that can be mistaken for red blood cells.

Inherited metabolic disease causing tyrosine build-up in the body.

A genetic disorder causing mental retardation, characterized by the deposition of abnormal substances in the body.

A genetic disorder causing excess uric acid in the body, leading to kidney and other problems.

A test used to detect abnormalities in some genetic disorders by looking for white turbidity.

A screening test used to detect some genetic disorders that results in white turbidity.

A test used to detect some genetic disorders, producing a blue color.

An autoimmune disease causing inflammation in blood vessels, resulting in hematuria and proteinuria.

A disease affecting children, often following viral infections, and characterized by blood in the urine and protein in the urine.

Antibodies that target neutrophils (immune cells) and cause damage to the blood vessels. There are two types.

Mucus coughed up from the respiratory tract, containing cells, bacteria, and other debris.

A procedure where fluid is flushed into the lungs and then collected, providing a sample of airway cells and fluid.

A test that measures the amount of surfactant (a lung-lining substance) compared to albumin (a protein in blood).

A test that counts the number of lamellar bodies, which store surfactant in lung cells.

A high LBC indicates adequate surfactant production, which is essential for healthy lung function.

A measurement of absorbance at a specific wavelength (650 nm) that is associated with the presence of surfactant.

A high OD 650 nm suggests adequate surfactant production and presence of phospholipids, crucial for lung health.

A sputum sample suitable for analysis, typically containing a low number of white blood cells (WBCs) per low power field (LPF).

Produced by the placenta, peaking in the first trimester, and found in blood, urine, and amniotic fluid.

Composed of alpha and beta subunits; alpha is shared with other hormones (LH, FSH, TSH), while beta confers hCG specificity.

An enzyme-immunoassay using 1st morning urine, with a 25 mIU/mL cut-off.

A positive test result when a woman isn't pregnant.

A negative test result when a woman is pregnant.

Procedure to collect amniotic fluid for testing fetal abnormalities.

Used to asses genetic defects, fetal lung maturity, and fetal hemolytic disease.

Tests using alpha-fetoprotein, hCG, unconjugated estriol, and inhibin A for prenatal risk assessment.

Assessment of fetal lung development via amniotic fluid analysis, done usually in 3rd trimester.

Proper handling of amniotic fluid is critical, with different handling requirements for different tests.