Biología 3º ESO: Anatomía del cerebro y neuronas

Neurotransmitters and the Nervous System

• Neurotransmitters are released by dendrites.
• Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder of the Central Nervous System (CNS).
• The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) has two divisions: the Somatic Nervous System and the Autonomic Nervous System, with the latter having two subdivisions: the Parasympathetic Nervous System, which relaxes, and the Sympathetic Nervous System, which acts in stress situations.

Brain Structure and Functions

• The accumulation of neuronal bodies with their dendrites appears gray in color.
• The medulla spinalis is responsible for reflex acts.
• The left hemisphere of the brain controls the right side of the body and vice versa.
• The cerebellum controls learning of balance and coordination.

Neuron Function and Impulse Transmission

• The impulse in a neuron moves in the following order: dendrites → cell body → axon → terminal buttons → other dendrites.

Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid

• The meninges are protective membranes of the Central Nervous System.
• The cerebrospinal fluid is located between the arachnoid and pia mater.
• The cerebrospinal fluid protects the Central Nervous System from shocks.

Hormone Regulation

• The hypothalamus controls hormone production and regulates the endocrine system along with the pituitary gland.
• The pituitary gland is the master endocrine gland that regulates other endocrine glands.

Short Answer Questions

• The meninges are protective membranes of the Central Nervous System.
• The cerebrospinal fluid is located between the arachnoid and pia mater.
• The cerebrospinal fluid protects the Central Nervous System from shocks.
• The hypothalamus controls hormone production and regulates the endocrine system.
• The pituitary gland is the master endocrine gland that regulates other endocrine glands.

Central Nervous System Responses

• The medulla spinalis is responsible for responding to external stimuli, such as avoiding an object.
• The bulbar raquídeo is responsible for regulating heart rate in response to stimuli, such as seeing an attractive person.
• The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating motor responses, such as avoiding an obstacle while biking.

Neuron and Brain Structure

• A neuron consists of a cell body, dendrites, membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, axon, and terminal buttons.
• The brain consists of the cerebrum, cerebellum, bulbar raquídeo, and mesencephalon.
• The cerebral cortex has folds (circunvolutions) and grooves (sulci).
• The brain stem consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
• The cerebellum has hemispheres and a vermis.

Inverse Definitions

• A stimulus is a change in external or internal conditions that can be detected by the body.
• White matter consists of axons coated with myelin.
• Microglia are cells responsible for defending the Nervous System.
• A synapse is the connection between two neurons.