22 Questions
What is the function of RNA polymerase?
Generating RNA from a DNA template
What is the role of sigma factor in RNA synthesis by RNA polymerase?
Guiding the core enzyme to initiate transcription by recognizing promoters
What is the general role of transcriptional regulators in gene expression?
Sensing environmental/internal changes and altering gene expression
What distinguishes Rho-dependent transcriptional termination from Rho-independent transcriptional termination?
Requirement for a specific termination signal
In prokaryotic translation, what is the role of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence?
Initiating translation by recruiting ribosomes to the mRNA
What is the main function of open reading frames?
Coding for proteins or polypeptides
How do regulatory proteins contribute to gene expression?
By sensing and responding to cellular and environmental changes
What are the components of RNA polymerase?
Core enzyme and sigma factor
What is the main function of Pribnow Box in gene expression?
Recognizing promoters to guide RNA polymerase for transcription initiation
What distinguishes repressors from activators in gene regulation?
Repressors prevent transcription of target genes, while activators stimulate transcription of target genes
Which type of RNA regulates the stability or translation of specific mRNAs into proteins?
small RNAs (sRNA)
What is the function of a sigma factor in the initiation of transcription?
Binds DNA and recruits the core enzyme
What is the role of Rho in Rho-dependent termination during transcription?
Unwinds the RNA/DNA duplex and causes RNA polymerase to fall off of DNA
What is the function of tRNA in translation?
Binds individual amino acids and base pairs to codons in mRNA
What is the open reading frame (ORF) within mRNA?
A region between the transcriptional start and translational start
What is the role of ribosomal large (50s) subunit in translation?
Forms the catalytic center of the ribosome
What is the function of shine-dalgarno sequence on mRNA in prokaryotic translation?
Allows binding to 30s subunit of ribosome
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation?
Different ribosome structure
"Housekeeping" sigma factor is generally required for growth or maintenance of cellular functions. Which sigma factor can be seen as an alternative to "housekeeping" sigma factor?
Multiple σ factors in one cell to turn on the transcription of different sets of genes responding to different conditions: σ70
Which type of RNA has a cloverleaf structure and binds individual amino acids?
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
What happens during Rho-independent termination in transcription?
Polymerase slows at pause site, followed by poly U site forming stem loop causing release of polymerase
What is the role of a core polymerase in transcription elongation?
Synthesizes the RNA strand 5’-3’
Test your knowledge of transcription, translation, and the central dogma of molecular biology with this quiz based on Lecture 5 of BIOL/MCBL 121 Introductory Microbiology. Questions cover topics like RNA polymerase functions, transcriptional regulators, open reading frames, transcriptional termination, eukaryotic vs prokaryotic translation, and the Shine-Dalgarno sequence.
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