Podcast
Questions and Answers
The human heart consists of two pumps that handle both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
The human heart consists of two pumps that handle both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
True (A)
Heart valves allow blood to flow in two directions through the heart chambers.
Heart valves allow blood to flow in two directions through the heart chambers.
False (B)
Vertebrate hearts can have two, three, or five chambers.
Vertebrate hearts can have two, three, or five chambers.
False (B)
Semilunar valves allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles.
Semilunar valves allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles.
The primary function of the circulatory system does not include the transport of nutrients.
The primary function of the circulatory system does not include the transport of nutrients.
Cardiac muscle cells are characterized by being long and non-branched in structure.
Cardiac muscle cells are characterized by being long and non-branched in structure.
Birds and mammals have four chambered hearts that separate oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood.
Birds and mammals have four chambered hearts that separate oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood.
Veins carry blood away from the heart and arteries carry blood toward the heart.
Veins carry blood away from the heart and arteries carry blood toward the heart.
The human heart contains two atria and two ventricles.
The human heart contains two atria and two ventricles.
The ventricles of the heart are responsible for collecting blood from the body.
The ventricles of the heart are responsible for collecting blood from the body.
Cardiac muscle cells are not connected by intercalated discs.
Cardiac muscle cells are not connected by intercalated discs.
Veins carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.
Veins carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.
The heart valves prevent back flow of blood within the chambers of the heart.
The heart valves prevent back flow of blood within the chambers of the heart.
The primary function of the circulatory system includes the regulation of body temperature.
The primary function of the circulatory system includes the regulation of body temperature.
The evolution of vertebrate hearts includes variations with five chambers.
The evolution of vertebrate hearts includes variations with five chambers.
Semilunar valves prevent the flow of blood from the ventricles into the arteries.
Semilunar valves prevent the flow of blood from the ventricles into the arteries.
Flashcards
What are the functions of the circulatory system?
What are the functions of the circulatory system?
The circulatory system is essential for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide, distributing nutrients throughout the body, removing waste products, transporting hormones, regulating body temperature, preventing blood loss, and protecting against disease.
Describe the structure of the human heart.
Describe the structure of the human heart.
The heart is a muscular organ with four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. The atria receive blood from the veins and the ventricles pump blood out to the arteries.
What is the difference between the right side and left side of the heart?
What is the difference between the right side and left side of the heart?
The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, while the left side pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
What is the difference between veins and arteries?
What is the difference between veins and arteries?
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What is the function of heart valves?
What is the function of heart valves?
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How does the structure of cardiac muscle tissue relate to its function?
How does the structure of cardiac muscle tissue relate to its function?
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What is the role of the SA node in the heart?
What is the role of the SA node in the heart?
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How does the circulatory system support cellular respiration?
How does the circulatory system support cellular respiration?
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What are the components of the circulatory system?
What are the components of the circulatory system?
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What are the key functions of the circulatory system?
What are the key functions of the circulatory system?
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Describe the basic structure of the heart.
Describe the basic structure of the heart.
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What is the difference between the right and left sides of the heart?
What is the difference between the right and left sides of the heart?
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How does the structure of cardiac muscle relate to its function?
How does the structure of cardiac muscle relate to its function?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Circulation
- BIOL160, Chapter 33 covers the circulatory system.
- The circulatory system is made of three main parts: heart, blood, and blood vessels.
Diverse Functions of the Circulatory System
- Transports oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
- Distributes nutrients.
- Transports waste products.
- Distributes hormones.
- Regulates body temperature.
- Prevents blood loss.
- Protects against disease.
Evolution of the Vertebrate Heart
- Vertebrate hearts have muscular chambers called atria and ventricles.
- Hearts can have 2, 3, or 4 chambers.
- Atria collect blood, contract, and deposit it into ventricles.
- Ventricles distribute blood to the body and lungs.
- Fish have a single circulation route.
- Amphibians and most reptiles have a double circulation route with a 3 chamber heart.
- Mammals and birds have a 4-chamber heart, separating oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, maximizing oxygen levels in the blood.
Human Heart Function
- Two types of blood vessels connect to chambers: veins (carry blood to atria) and arteries (carry blood away from ventricles).
- The heart acts as two separate pumps:
- Right pump (right atrium & right ventricle) handles deoxygenated blood.
- Left pump (left atrium & left ventricle) handles oxygenated blood.
- Right atrium receives O2-poor blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae.
- Right ventricle ejects O2-poor blood to pulmonary arteries.
- Left atrium receives O2-rich blood from pulmonary veins.
- Left ventricle ejects O2-rich blood into the aorta.
Heart Valves
- Heart valves ensure one-way blood flow.
- Atrioventricular valves allow blood flow from atria to ventricles, preventing backflow.
- Semilunar valves allow blood flow from ventricles to arteries, preventing backflow.
Blood Flow Through the Heart
- Blood flows through the heart in a specific cycle, including chambers, valves, and vessels.
- (A visual representation of blood flow through the heart would be beneficial).
Cardiac Muscle
- The heart is made of cardiac muscle tissue.
- Cardiac muscle cells are small, branched, and striated.
- Intercalated discs with gap junctions connect cardiac cells, allowing coordinated contraction.
- This coordinated contraction ensures a synchronous heartbeat.
The Cardiac Cycle
- The heart beats in a coordinated fashion.
- Both atria contract, forcing blood into ventricles.
- Both ventricles contract, forcing blood into arteries.
- All chambers relax briefly before the cycle repeats.
- The cardiac cycle lasts less than 1 second.
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