Principles of Ecology Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is ecology primarily concerned with?

Study of chemicals in the environment

Study of climate patterns over time

Study of relationships between organisms and their environment (correct)

Study of fossil records

Which level of organization is NOT mentioned in the definition of ecology?

Individuals

Ecosystems

Microorganisms (correct)

Communities

What degree did the lecturer obtain from Zamorano University?

MSc in Biology

PhD in Ecology

BSc in Environmental Science

BSc in Agriculture (correct)

What is the significance of the location mentioned in the introduction?

It acknowledges Indigenous territories Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following courses does the lecturer NOT teach?

BIOL 201 – Cellular Biology Signup and view all the answers

What are the two components of a population definition mentioned?

Species and defined area Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following topics is specifically included in the course outline?

Expectations from the course Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the environment does ecology focus on?

Interactions between living organisms and their physical environment Signup and view all the answers

What should a student do if they miss a midterm without an excused absence?

Receive a score of 0%. Signup and view all the answers

How can students improve their future grades if they are unhappy with their current grades?

Work on improving their skills. Signup and view all the answers

What is one expectation of students in this course?

Exhibit academic honesty. Signup and view all the answers

What should a student do if they missed a lab?

Contact Melissa to attend another lab section. Signup and view all the answers

What does the expectation of the course instructor include?

To provide course content in an accessible manner. Signup and view all the answers

What should students do if they have a question after reviewing the syllabus?

Post the question to the forum on eClass. Signup and view all the answers

What is required personal protective equipment (PPE) for labs?

Full-length pants or skirt and full coverage shoes. Signup and view all the answers

Where can students find additional resources apart from the syllabus?

On eClass and at the library. Signup and view all the answers

When do labs start for the course?

The week of September 9. Signup and view all the answers

Who should students contact regarding medical concerns related to the lab?

Dr. Melissa Roach. Signup and view all the answers

What format might the lectures change to accommodate guest lecturers?

Remote format. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended practice during lectures?

Active note-taking for better understanding. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main textbook used for the course?

Ecology: Concepts & Applications. Signup and view all the answers

Where can the schedule and assigned readings be found?

Attached to the syllabus. Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the subject line when emailing Dr. Ronald Batallas Huacon?

Biol 208. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily influences the number and distribution of various species in an ecosystem?

Climate change Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason why we study ecology?

To find mineral resources Signup and view all the answers

Which field is least likely to be involved in ecological studies?

Actuarial science Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant component of ecological interaction that students are expected to understand?

Individual, population, and community ecology Signup and view all the answers

How does a healthy ecosystem contribute to economies?

By maintaining biodiversity that supports resources Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the 'soft' skills highlighted in ecology studies?

Collaboration and cooperation Signup and view all the answers

What principle should be applied when communicating scientifically in ecology?

Critically evaluate different forms of communication Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of studying ecology?

Interaction between organisms and their environment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a misconception about the ecological field?

Ecology is solely about plants. Signup and view all the answers

What should participants prioritize during lectures for effective course etiquette?

Respecting others in the classroom Signup and view all the answers

Which method is suggested for ensuring the quality of notes after a lecture?

Share notes with other students Signup and view all the answers

What should a student do if they are confused during a lecture?

Ask for clarification right away Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum final mark required to pass the course in both lecture and lab components?

45% Signup and view all the answers

What are 'Review Assignments' designed to replace in this course format?

Quizzes Signup and view all the answers

What is the policy regarding re-grade requests after an exam?

Requests are accepted up to 4 days after the answer key is available Signup and view all the answers

How does the grading system evaluate student performance?

Based on natural breakpoints in distribution Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended study method to prepare for exams?

Attend lectures and read assigned chapters Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the Review Assignments in terms of attempts?

Unlimited attempts are allowed and the highest score counts Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a recommended action for when students are confused during a lecture?

Wait until the exam Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a student submits more than one answer to a question?

Only the first answer will be assessed Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor contributing to colic in horses?

Sudden dietary changes Signup and view all the answers

How many hours a day are horses meant to forage?

16-19 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a clinical sign of colic in horses?

Excessive vocalization Signup and view all the answers

What is a common management factor that can lead to horse injuries?

Unsafe fencing Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is critical for preventing colic in horses?

Providing continuous forage Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario is most likely to contribute to colic in horses?

Sudden change from hay to a grain diet Signup and view all the answers

What is a common treatment for colic in horses?

Pain management Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of success is typically associated with colic surgery in horses?

50% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of 'floating' a horse's teeth?

To ensure even wear and eliminate sharp edges Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of overdue dental care in horses?

Quidding Signup and view all the answers

How often should a horse's hooves be trimmed and balanced?

Every 6-8 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic sign of laminitis in horses?

Stiff gait and weight shifting Signup and view all the answers

What can trigger equine infectious anemia (EIA)?

Biting insects and reused needles Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a typical underlying cause of laminitis?

Parasitic infections Signup and view all the answers

What does a horse with laminitis typically require?

Strict management and treatment of the underlying cause Signup and view all the answers

Why can a vaccine for equine infectious anemia not be used?

Infected horses remain carriers for life Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical sign of Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA)?

Intermittent fever up to 41°C Signup and view all the answers

How can Strangles be spread among horses?

Through direct contact or environmental contamination Signup and view all the answers

What is required to confirm a case of Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis (EEE)?

IgM antibodies to the virus Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern regarding the management of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)?

It causes severe neurological signs Signup and view all the answers

What factor does NOT contribute to antihelminthic resistance in horses?

Regular fecal egg counting Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Contagious Equine Metritis?

It is a bacterial infection of the uterus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the West Nile Virus is accurate?

It can be asymptomatic in horses Signup and view all the answers

What is the incubation period for Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis before symptoms appear?

2-3 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the approach of horse owners to their horses?

They often do not prioritize immediate care for illness Signup and view all the answers

What does not typically complicate the management of Strangles in horses?

Transmission through fences Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of performing dental floats on horses?

To relieve sharp edges and uneven wear Signup and view all the answers

What daily activity are horses naturally inclined to do for the majority of their time?

Forage continuously for 16-19 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sign that a horse may need dental care?

Excessive sweating Signup and view all the answers

How often should horses be trimmed and balanced for hoof care?

Every 6-8 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a leading cause of death in horses?

Colic Signup and view all the answers

What is laminitis primarily characterized by?

Inflammation of hoof lamina Signup and view all the answers

What factor is critical in preventing colic in horses?

Ensuring appropriate continuous forage Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary ways horses can injure themselves?

Being confined in stalls for long hours Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions may trigger laminitis?

Infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate success rate of surgery for colic in horses?

50% success rate Signup and view all the answers

Equine infectious anemia (EIA) can be spread by which mode of transmission?

Biting insects Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors affects how horses are managed?

Availability of space and herd dynamics Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome of EIA in affected horses?

Carriage of the virus for life Signup and view all the answers

What treatment option is considered for managing severe laminitis?

Surgical intervention and therapeutic trimming Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical sign of colic in horses?

Rolling vigorously Signup and view all the answers

Why is long stem forage important for horses?

It helps maintain a healthy gut Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary clinical sign of Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA)?

Intermittent fever up to 41°C Signup and view all the answers

Which test is specifically used to detect EIA antibodies in horses?

Coggins test Signup and view all the answers

What is Strangles primarily caused by?

Gram + bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the incubation period for Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis (EEE)?

2-3 weeks Signup and view all the answers

How is Contagious Equine Metritis primarily spread?

Sexual contact Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common clinical sign of Strangles?

Weight loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)?

Sarcocystis neurona Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about West Nile Virus is correct?

It is mosquito-borne and can lead to severe neurological signs Signup and view all the answers

What practice is recommended to manage antihelminthic resistance in horses?

Deworming based on fecal egg counts Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge horse owners face regarding their horses?

Willingness to pay for care is often limited Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE)?

Mosquito borne virus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of contagious equine metritis?

Uterine inflammation and abortion Signup and view all the answers

Which animal is NOT a known vector for the parasite that causes Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)?

Deer Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor contributing to the rise in West Nile Virus cases?

Increased mosquito populations Signup and view all the answers

What method can horse owners use to determine the need for deworming?

Fecal egg count Signup and view all the answers

What factor affects the willingness of horse owners to seek immediate care for their animals?

Perceived value of horses Signup and view all the answers

What role does misinformation play in horse care and treatment?

It complicates decision-making for owners. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is least likely to prolong the lifespan of companion animals?

Exposure to stress Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of untreated dental disease in dogs?

Systemic infection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a treatment method for valvular heart disease?

Antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic tool is commonly used to assess heart conditions?

EKG Signup and view all the answers

What factor is least likely to contribute to the development of cardiac disease?

Increased hydration Signup and view all the answers

When considering end-of-life care, what is a primary responsibility of a veterinarian?

To provide a 'good death' Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a multifactorial disease?

Cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of using Furosemide in heart disease treatment?

Electrolyte imbalance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is least related to metabolic disorders?

Valvular heart disease Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Logistics and Introduction

BIOL 208 - Principles of Ecology, taught by Dr. Ronald Batallas Huacon.
Acknowledges Treaty 6 territory and respects First Nations, Métis, and Inuit cultures.
Dr. Batallas has a BSc in Agriculture and a PhD in Ecology.

Course Overview

Ecology examines interactions between organisms and their environment, structured hierarchically from individuals to ecosystems.
Key ecological concepts include populations (interbreeding individuals), communities (interacting species), and ecosystems (living entities plus their physical environment).

Importance of Studying Ecology

Addresses critical questions like biodiversity distribution (why tropics have more than poles) and climate change impacts on species.
Emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of ecology, requiring skills from diverse fields such as molecular biology, geology, social sciences, and more.

Learning Outcomes

Skills to describe ecological concepts, interpret ecological data, apply scientific methods, evaluate scientific communication, and understand ecological interconnectedness.

Soft Skills Development

Focus on collaboration, problem-solving, asking insightful questions, and helping when needed.

Course Etiquette

Maintain respect among participants, utilize inclusive language, and ensure constructive communication.

Syllabus and Course Resources

Comprehensive syllabus available on eClass; essential to read for important information.
In-person lectures, labs, and exams; changes may occur as announced.

Communication and Office Hours

Dr. Batallas available for contact via email (subject: BIOL 208) and during office hours twice a week.
Dr. Melissa Roach is the lab coordinator for specific inquiries about labs and assignments.

Lab Requirements

Labs begin September 9; appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) required.
Lab materials include the BIOL 208 lab manual and standard writing supplies.

Required Textbook

"Ecology: Concepts & Applications" by Molles and Laursen, 9th International Student Edition, recommended for purchase or library access.

Exam Preparation

Active note-taking is crucial; utilize sketches, ask questions during lectures, and collaborate with peers.
Engage in practice questions and review textbook materials for comprehension.

Grade Evaluation

Passing requires at least 45% in both lecture and lab components; grades based on performance distribution, not a strict curve.

Review Assignments

Instead of quizzes, eight Review Assignments available for one week with unlimited attempts, each contributing 0.25% to the final grade.

Missed Work Protocols

Excused absences for labs and midterms result in deferrals; communication within specified timeframes vital.
No documentation required for missed midterms; Student Declaration Form suffices.

Expectations from Students

Engage actively in the learning process, participate in activities, and maintain academic honesty by avoiding cheating and plagiarism.
Seek help for understanding concepts and provide honest communication for deferrals when necessary.

Next Lecture Focus

Introduction to ecosystems and the scientific process in ecology.

Horse Management and Disease

Horse management plays a significant role in their health and welfare.
Horses are naturally designed to forage for long periods and engage in extensive movement.
Factors like stall confinement, pasture size, feeding practices, and herd management can impact their health.
Colic is a serious condition in horses, characterized by abdominal pain, and is a leading cause of death.
Colic can be prevented by providing adequate continuous forage, avoiding sudden diet changes, minimizing distress, and ensuring sufficient hydration.
Colic treatment depends on the cause, and while surgery is an option, it has a 50% success rate and a high complication risk.
Injuries are common in horses.
Unsafe fencing, sharp objects, crowded conditions, training, and inadequate turnout all contribute to the risk of injury.
Treating injuries often involves rest, rehabilitation, and various therapies like platelet-rich plasma injections, stem cell therapy, and shockwave therapy.
Equine dental care requires regular "floating" to address tooth wear and prevent eating difficulties and skin lesions.
Horses should have their teeth floated 1-2 times per year under sedation by a licensed veterinarian.
Hoof care is crucial for horse health. Hoofs should be trimmed and balanced every 6-8 weeks.
Improper hoof care can lead to lameness and future arthritis development.
Laminitis, a painful inflammation of the hoof lamina, can be caused by metabolic diseases, obesity, high starch diets, infections, toxins, and injury.
Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a reportable disease, often fatal, and horses remain lifelong carriers.
EIA is spread through biting insects and contaminated needles.
A vaccine exists for EIA, but it isn't used because it can lead to false negatives.
Strangles, also known as horse distemper, is caused by Streptococcus equi bacteria and causes upper respiratory infection with potential for long-term shedding.
Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) is a mosquito-borne virus that causes brain inflammation in horses, often fatal.
A vaccine for EEE exists and requires annual boosters.
Contagious equine metritis (CEM) is a bacterial infection of the uterus spread through sexual contact and can result in abortion.
Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a neurological disease caused by Sarcocystis neurona, spread by opossums, cats, skunks, and raccoons.
West Nile Virus, a mosquito-borne virus affecting birds, can cause neurological signs and fever in horses.
Deworming practices can lead to antihelminthic resistance.
Fecal egg counts and responsible deworming practices are vital to prevent this resistance.
Horse owners often view their horses as athletes or livestock rather than companions.
Access to veterinary care can be limited for many horses due to financial constraints and a lack of value placed on them.
Misinformation can lead to inappropriate management and healthcare choices for horses.