BIOL 150 Lecture 2 Quiz P.1-40

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary charge of an electron?

Neutral charge

Negative charge (correct)

No charge

Positive charge

What force binds neutrons and protons together in the atomic nucleus?

Weak nuclear force

Gravitational force

Electromagnetic force

Strong nuclear force (correct)

Which statement about neutrons is true?

Neutrons are present in all atoms

Neutrons have a positive charge

Neutrons do not exist in hydrogen (correct)

Neutrons are larger than electrons

What does the atomic number of an element represent?

Number of protons Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between protons and neutrons in a typical atom?

They are always equal in number Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the balance of protons and neutrons is broken in an atom?

It is termed an isotope Signup and view all the answers

How is atomic mass calculated?

Number of neutrons plus number of protons Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the atomic number of carbon?

It is consistently 6 Signup and view all the answers

Which four elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen Signup and view all the answers

What defines a chemical element?

A substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances Signup and view all the answers

What role do weak chemical bonds play in biological chemistry?

They are crucial for the structure and function of biological molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about trace elements is true?

They are dietary minerals needed in minute quantities Signup and view all the answers

How are chemical compounds defined?

Substances consisting of two or more different elements Signup and view all the answers

Which essential element is most commonly found on Earth?

Iron Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of atomic structure in chemistry?

It influences how elements combine and react Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes 'matter'?

It occupies space and has mass Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a chemical compound from a mixture?

A compound contains chemically bonded elements in fixed proportions. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes an atom?

An atom is electrically neutral when protons and electrons are equal. Signup and view all the answers

What role do protons play in determining the characteristics of an atom?

They define the chemical element it belongs to. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an atom if it has an unequal number of protons and electrons?

It forms an ion. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a homogeneous mixture?

A uniform mixture, like salt water. Signup and view all the answers

In atomic structure, what determines the isotope of an element?

The number of neutrons in the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the number of protons in atoms with low atomic numbers?

They are the most prevalent in the universe. Signup and view all the answers

Which particle is responsible for balancing the charge of the atom?

Electron Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Chemical Context of Life

Matter consists of chemical elements and compounds.
Life is composed of about 25 essential chemical elements.
Four elements: Carbon (C), Oxygen (O), Hydrogen (H), and Nitrogen (N) constitute 96% of living matter.

Atoms and Molecules

Atomic structure defines the behavior of elements.
Chemical bonding allows atoms to form molecules, with weak bonds crucial to biological functions.
Molecular shape is linked to its biological function, while chemical reactions create and break chemical bonds.

Matter

Matter is any substance that occupies space and has mass.
Exists in four states: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.

Elements

Elements cannot be chemically broken down; examples include Hydrogen, Carbon, and Iron.
Iron is the most abundant element on Earth; Hydrogen is second.

Essential Elements and Trace Elements

Essential elements are vital for an organism’s growth and survival, varying among different life forms.
Common essential elements: Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Hydrogen.
Trace elements are needed in minute quantities (<100 ppm), examples include Iron, Magnesium, and Selenium.

Compounds vs. Mixtures

Chemical compounds are substances formed from two or more different elements, with a defined structure.
Mixtures consist of multiple substances combined without fixed proportions, retaining individual properties; can be homogeneous or heterogeneous.

Review of Atomic Structure

Atoms are the smallest matter units retaining chemical properties, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
An atom is electrically neutral when the number of protons equals the number of electrons.
Protons define the element; the number of neutrons determines the isotope.

Subatomic Particles

Protons: Positively charged particles in the nucleus; define atomic number.
Electrons: Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus, crucial for chemical reactions; have negligible mass.
Neutrons: Electrically neutral particles found in most nuclei; slightly heavier than protons, critical for maintaining nuclear stability.

Atomic Number and Mass

Atomic number = number of protons in an atom, unique to each element (e.g., Hydrogen = 1, Carbon = 6).
Atomic mass = total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
Each element's atomic number remains constant, determining its identity and chemical behavior.

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Description

Test your understanding of the basic principles of biological chemistry in this quiz. Explore the chemical context of life, including the role of various chemical elements and compounds. Determine how atomic structure influences the behavior of elements and their interactions.