Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which year marks the completion of the first computed tomography (CT) imaging system?
Which year marks the completion of the first computed tomography (CT) imaging system?
What major advancement in imaging technology occurred in 1973?
What major advancement in imaging technology occurred in 1973?
Which imaging modality does NOT use ionizing radiation?
Which imaging modality does NOT use ionizing radiation?
Which of the following modalities allows for the simultaneous fusion of images?
Which of the following modalities allows for the simultaneous fusion of images?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the anatomical versus functional imaging distinction primarily concerned with?
What is the anatomical versus functional imaging distinction primarily concerned with?
Signup and view all the answers
Which technological advancement in imaging was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1979?
Which technological advancement in imaging was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1979?
Signup and view all the answers
What does PACS stand for in the context of medical imaging?
What does PACS stand for in the context of medical imaging?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following milestones in the history of medical imaging occurred in 1955?
Which of the following milestones in the history of medical imaging occurred in 1955?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the axial (transverse) plane do in medical imaging?
What does the axial (transverse) plane do in medical imaging?
Signup and view all the answers
In a patient coordinate system, what does 'LSA' stand for?
In a patient coordinate system, what does 'LSA' stand for?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term corresponds to the anatomical plane that bisects the front from the back?
Which term corresponds to the anatomical plane that bisects the front from the back?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes intrinsic coordinates from patient coordinates in medical imaging?
What distinguishes intrinsic coordinates from patient coordinates in medical imaging?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)?
What is the primary purpose of a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard relate to?
What does the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard relate to?
Signup and view all the answers
What major challenge did neurosurgeons face with older image formats?
What major challenge did neurosurgeons face with older image formats?
Signup and view all the answers
In medical imaging, which axes correspond to the intrinsic i-axis and j-axis?
In medical imaging, which axes correspond to the intrinsic i-axis and j-axis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of medical imaging techniques?
What is the primary purpose of medical imaging techniques?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following imaging modalities provides a three-dimensional view of the body?
Which of the following imaging modalities provides a three-dimensional view of the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key difference between anatomical and functional imaging?
What is a key difference between anatomical and functional imaging?
Signup and view all the answers
Which imaging modality primarily uses magnetic fields and radio waves for imaging?
Which imaging modality primarily uses magnetic fields and radio waves for imaging?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of DICOM in medical imaging?
What is the role of DICOM in medical imaging?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following modalities is known for providing real-time imaging of processes within the body?
Which of the following modalities is known for providing real-time imaging of processes within the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What advantage does CT imaging have over traditional X-ray imaging?
What advantage does CT imaging have over traditional X-ray imaging?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Bioimaging - EEC 476
- Course code: fgq054j
Recommended Textbook
- Stewart C. Bushong, Radiologic Science for Technologists: Physics, Biology, and Protection, 10th ed., Mosby, 2012. (ISBN 978-0323081351)
- The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging by Jerrold T. Bushberg, J. Anthony Seibert, Edwin M. Leidholdt Jr, John M. Boone (ISBN 978-0-7817-8057-5)
Course Outline
- X-ray imaging
- Mammography
- CT
- Fluoroscopy
- MRI
What is Medical Imaging?
- Medical imaging visualizes body parts, tissues, or organs to aid diagnosis, treatment, and disease monitoring.
- It encompasses radiology, nuclear medicine, optical imaging, and image-guided intervention.
Why Use Medical Imaging Techniques?
- Provides insights into the human body without invasive procedures like surgery.
- Prevents infection risk and unnecessary surgery.
Overall Concept
- Object is scanned by an imaging device.
- Data is processed.
- Imaging algorithm reconstructs a cross-sectional image.
Medical Imaging Modalities
- X-ray
- Computed Tomography (CT)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Ultrasound
- General Nuclear Medicine (Gamma Cameras, Cardiac Cameras)
- Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
- PET/CT
Differences Between Imaging Modalities
- X-ray: 2D images from a stationary source.
- CT: 3D images from a circular source (slices).
- MRI: 3D images from magnetic fields.
- Ultrasound: 2D or 3D images using sound waves.
- Nuclear Medicine: 2D or 3D images using gamma ray emitting isotopes.
- Gamma Camera: 2D images.
- Cardiac Cameras: Designed for 3D heart pictures.
- SPECT: 3D images.
- PET: 3D images using positron emitting isotopes.
Imaging Modalities (Categorized)
- Ionizing Modalities: Plain X-ray, CT, Nuclear imaging, PET and PET CT
- Non-ionizing Modalities: MRI, US & Doppler
Multi-Modality Scanners
- Some scanners combine 2 modalities (e.g., PET/CT, PET-MR, SPECT/CT).
- Images are taken sequentially or simultaneously and fused.
Virtual Medicine
- Virtual colonoscopy, endoscopy, arthroscopy
- Virtual therapy and surgery planning
- Training platform
History of Medical Imaging
- 1895: Roentgen discovers X-rays
- 1896: X-rays used in diagnosis and therapy
- 1901: Roentgen awarded Nobel Prize
- 1922: Compton describes X-ray scattering
- 1929: Rotating anode X-ray tube introduced
- 1930: Tomographic devices developed
- 1932: Blue tint added to X-ray film
- 1951: Multidirectional tomography introduced
- 1955: Ultrasound for medical diagnosis
- 1960: First use of endoscope
- 1973: First computed tomography (CT) imaging system and MRI
- 1979: Nobel Prize for CT
- 1990: Helical CT introduced
- 1991: Twin-slice CT developed
- 1998: Multislice CT introduced
- 2002: PET placed into routine clinical service
- 2003: Nobel Prize for MRI
Anatomic vs. Functional Imaging
- MRI: Anatomical information (Structure)
- PET: Functional information (Activity)
Medical Imaging Planes
- Axial (transverse): Perpendicular to the body's long axis.
- Sagittal: Divides the body left to right.
- Coronal: Divides the body front to back.
Medical Imaging Coordinates
- Superior/inferior, left/right, anterior/posterior.
- Left/right seen from the patient's perspective.
Patient Coordinate System
- LSA (left, superior, anterior) coordinate system (used in CT).
- Positive direction conventions are applied.
Intrinsic Coordinate System
- Describes spatial dimensions of the patient.
- Voxel-based coordinates in the image or volume.
PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System)
- Efficient system for transporting patient medical images.
- DICOM standard for digital image communication.
NITI (Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative)
- Challenges with older image formats and orientation
- DICOM files store more information and offer structured reports.
X-Ray Imaging (Radiography)
- Outline: X-ray production, system circuits diagram, X-ray interaction with matter, and radiologic unit safety.
X-Ray Production
- Bremsstrahlung X-rays: Electron slowing by target nucleus.
- Characteristic X-rays: Outer-shell electron filling inner-shell void.
- Tungsten target material.
- Anode heat: Most kinetic energy is converted into heat.
X-Ray Production (details)
- A K-shell electron is removed from a tungsten atom, and replaced by an L-shell electron.
- The energy is 69 keV (K-shell) - 12 keV (L-shell) = 57 keV.
- Other important X-ray characteristics.
- Various tables of characteristic X-ray energy values.
- Spectrum of bremsstrahlung and characteristic radiation (Tungsten target, 90 kVp).
- Moseley plot of characteristic X-rays.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on the essential concepts of bioimaging covered in the EEC 476 course. This quiz focuses on various imaging techniques such as X-ray, CT, MRI, and their applications in medical diagnostics. Enhance your understanding of the physics and biology behind medical imaging as outlined in the recommended textbooks.
