10 Questions
What percentage of marks does the Mid Term exam constitute in the evaluation criteria?
32%
Which of the following is considered as a 'Don't' of the class according to Dr. B.Rajasekhar Reddy's guidelines?
Use of mobile phones
Biofuels are produced from non-renewable biomass feedstocks.
False
In a net-zero emissions world in 2070, _ dominate renewables supply while OIL remains the largest fossil energy source.
SOLAR, BIOENERGY and WIND
Match the following types of renewable energy with their descriptions:
Biodigester = Electricity or vehicle fuel production Hydroelectric = Electricity production Wind turbines = Electricity production Solar panels = Electricity production Geothermal = Heating and cooling
What is the process for producing ethanol from sugar or starch?
Hydrolysis of starch, innocent ion with yeast and distillation
Which oilseed crop has an oil content of 40 - 45%?
Canola
__________ is a highly crystalline fiber that provides strength in biomass.
Cellulose
Match the components of biomass with their descriptions:
Cellulose = Highly crystalline fibers that provide strength Hemicellulose = Mixture of pentose and hexose sugars with branches Lignin = Amorphous and crosslinked resin that acts as a binder
What is the directional linear structure of a cellulose chain composed of?
Reducing-end glucose with anomeric carbon (C1) and non-reducing-end glucose with hydrogen and hydroxyl group on C4 carbon
Study Notes
Course Structure and Objectives
- Course structure: assignment, project, mid-term, and end exam
- Evaluation criteria: assignment (10%), project (10%), mid-term (32%), and end exam (48%)
- Do's and don'ts of the class: student involvement, questions, and late coming
- Prohibited activities: mobile phone use, murmuring, and disturbing the class
Global Energy Scenario
- Global proved oil, gas, and coal reserves (BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2017)
- Increase in energy demand from non-OECD countries (India and China) (International Energy Outlook, 2017)
- World primary energy consumption by sectors and sources (International Energy Outlook, 2017)
Bioenergy
- Definition: energy from renewable biomass feedstocks (plant oils, sugary/starchy parts of crops, trees, waste, algae)
- Cycle of biomass: growth, harvest, conversion, and use
- Why use bioenergy: gas shortage, environmental concerns, and energy security
Types of Biofuels
- First-generation biofuels: ethanol from sugar/starch, biodiesel from vegetable oil
- Second-generation biofuels: thermochemical, enzymatic, and microbial conversion of biomass
- Third-generation biofuels: algae-based biofuels
- Fourth-generation biofuels: advanced biofuels from genetically modified organisms
Advantages and Disadvantages of Biofuels
- Advantages: renewable, sustainable, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions
- Disadvantages: land use, water scarcity, and food vs. fuel debates
Lignocellulosic Biomass
- Components: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin
- Structure of lignocellulosic biomass: hierarchical, complex, and crystalline
Representation of Lignin Carbohydrate Complex
- Illustration of the complex structure of lignocellulosic biomass (Clark and Deswarte, 2015)
Introduction to bioenergy, a course offered by the Department of Fuel, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering at IIT (ISM) Dhanbad. Taught by Dr. B. Rajasekhar Reddy. Covers the basics of biofuels and energy.
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