Biofeedback in Physiotherapy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of biofeedback in physiotherapy?

To measure and provide information about the patient's emotional state

To control the body's functions involuntarily

To administer electronic or electromechanical instruments

To provide information about the patient's physiological activity (correct)

In biofeedback learning, what is the process of retraining new functions based on?

The patient's emotional state

Information about the consequences of behavior (correct)

Learning without any feedback equipment

Immediate reinforcement

According to the text, what is biofeedback based on?

Generalization of behaviors

Positive reinforcement (correct)

Controlling physiological activity

Punishment

What does operant conditioning involve?

Increasing or decreasing the likelihood of a behavior through punishment Signup and view all the answers

How is biofeedback defined in physiotherapy?

A technique to learn to control the body's function voluntarily Signup and view all the answers

What type of information does biofeedback equipment provide to the patient?

Visual or auditory signals about physiological activity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reinforcement involves the presentation of a desirable stimulus or the removal of an aversive stimulus to increase a behavior?

Positive reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the learning method using rewards and punishment for behavior modification?

Operant conditioning Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of biofeedback signal processing are sensors and electrodes used to detect signals?

Detection Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a requirement for patient selection in functional electrical stimulation (FES)?

Undamaged peripheral nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What type of electrodes are preferred for shallow muscles and acute phases, but provide less selectivity compared to others?

Surface electrodes Signup and view all the answers

What type of reinforcement involves rewarding every correct response as opposed to rewarding intermittently?

Continuous reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

Which type of patients commonly use Anti-Equinus devices?

Patients with CNS disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Upper limb devices for hand function restoration?

Improving patient functional recovery Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of Pedal devices for FES cycling?

Improving cardiorespiratory and vascular capacity Signup and view all the answers

What are the general disadvantages of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) applications?

Fatigue, esthetic issues, and complex system Signup and view all the answers

What does the Parastep I System® stimulate to produce triple flexion reflex for standing and gait?

Quadriceps and gluteus maximus/minimus Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of Implanted electrodes for FES systems compared to surface electrodes?

Greater muscle response with surgical technique Signup and view all the answers

What is a common disadvantage of FES hybrid systems?

Reduced use, muscle circulatory and morphological changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of wireless and implanted anti-Equinus systems?

Improving gait Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

o Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) applications for standing and gait devices: 18-24 months implantation, indications include spinal cord injuries, cerebral palsy, hemiplegia, and CNS disorders. General disadvantages include fatigue, esthetic issues, and complex system.

o Parastep I System®: Six-channel surface electrodes for each limb, stimulates quadriceps, peroneal nerve for ankle dorsiflexion, and gluteus maximus/minimus. Produces triple flexion reflex for standing and gait.

o Implanted electrodes for FES systems: 12-34 implanted electrodes for greater muscle response, but with surgical technique. FES can be used with orthosis for hybrid systems, reducing use.

o Disadvantages of FES hybrid systems: Decreases in muscle atrophy, reduced use, muscle circulatory and morphological changes, and great physical strain causing early fatigue.

o Anti-Equinus devices: More commonly used for patients with hemiplegia, spinal cord injuries, infantile cerebral palsy, and multiple sclerosis to improve gait. Benefits include improved ankle kinematics, prevention of orthopedic deformities, reduced spasticity, and facilitation of motor learning.

o CEFAR Step II® ODFS®: Surface electrodes with a pressure sensor for ankle dorsiflexion and knee/hip flexion during the swing phase. Activates peroneal nerve to produce ankle dorsiflexion when the swing phase starts.

o Wireless and implanted anti-Equinus systems: Used in clinical practice to improve gait.

o Upper limb devices for hand function restoration: Restore hand function by stimulating muscles responsible for grip strength and pincer grasp. Benefits include inducing plasticity corticospinal phenomenon, improving patient functional recovery, and great activation of sensory motor cortex.

o Handmaster Ness H200™ and Ness H200™/Freehand System®: Hybrid systems with orthosis to stabilize the wrist and 5 integrated surface electrodes to stimulate muscles. Provides a functional position and pressure button.

o Pedal devices for FES cycling: A combination of a computerized stationary bicycle and FES system to stimulate muscles involved in pedal motion. Effective for preventing bone demineralization, reducing muscle atrophy and spasticity, and improving cardiorespiratory and vascular capacity.

o Conclusions: Great benefits for neurological patients with functional and psychosocial improvements. Therapeutic and preventive use is essential for local and systemic disorders related to neurological diseases. Early use may improve prognosis.

o References (Truncated): Watson T, Nusbaum EL. Modalidades en electroterapia. Madrid: Elsevier. 2021. Albornoz M, Maya J, Toledo JV. Electroterapia Práctica. Avances en Investigación clínica. Madrid: Elsevier.2016, etc.

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Description

Test your knowledge about the use of biofeedback in physiotherapy with this quiz. Explore definitions, signal phases, electrodes, application, and indications of biofeedback techniques.