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Questions and Answers
Define Bioethics.
Ethical implications and applications of the Act done voluntarily in health-related life sciences.
What are the two basic elements of Conscience?
Autonomy is the right for every human being to determine what should be done to their body.
True
_______ is the duty of health care workers to be of benefit to the patient.
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Match the following bioethical principles with their descriptions:
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Define a healthy person according to the provided text.
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What are some virtues associated with healthcare providers according to the text?
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Trust is solely a subjective judgement based on feelings.
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The calling of a healthcare provider is to uphold __________ and not vices.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Bioethics
- Bioethics is the study of ethical implications and applications of health-related life sciences.
- Ethics involves the identification, study, and resolution or mitigation of conflicts among competing values or goals.
- Conscience is the inner feeling or voice that guides moral judgments, and has two basic elements: moral judgment and moral obligation.
Clinical Ethics
- Clinical ethics is a practical discipline that aims to resolve ethical questions or disagreements that emerge in healthcare practices.
- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a key concept in bioethics, prioritizing the good of the entire person (physical, psychological, and spiritual).
Conscience
- Types of conscience include correct or true, erroneous or false, culpable, inculpable, certain, doubtful, scrupulous, and lax.
- Conscience is essential in making moral judgments and decisions in healthcare.
Ethical Principles
- Stewardship: recognizing the responsibility to provide necessary healthcare services and promote health and life.
- The Human Act: recognizing the totality of human life, prioritizing the good of the entire person.
- Double Effect: a situation where a good effect and a bad effect occur simultaneously.
Bioethical Principles
- Autonomy: the right of adult humans to determine what is done to their bodies, basis for informed consent.
- Justice: a concept of moral rightness based on ethics, rationality, and fairness.
- Beneficence: the duty of healthcare workers to benefit patients.
- Non-maleficence: avoiding intentional harm or injury to patients.
Justice
- Types of justice include distributive, procedural, restorative, and retributive.
Patient Rights
- Patient right to information: medical diagnosis, treatment, progress, and medical records.
- Proxy consent: allowed for those who cannot give consent, with certain constraints.
Beginning of Life
- Inviolability of life: perceiving all persons as equal and of immeasurable worth.
- Crimes against human life include suicide, mutilation, and euthanasia.
Surrogacy and Artificial Insemination
- Surrogacy: carrying a pregnancy for intended parents, either related or unrelated.
- Artificial insemination: deliberate introduction of sperm into the female uterus for pregnancy.
End of Life
- Needs of a dying person: comforting, relieving suffering, and addressing physiological and spiritual needs.
- Death: a two-sided opportunity, not a punishment, according to Karl Rahner.
Healthcare Provider
- Calling of a healthcare provider: a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
- Virtues vs. vices: virtues include fidelity, honesty, respect, compassion, and courage, while vices include authority, power, pride, and greed.
Profession vs. Occupation
- Profession: extensive training, autonomy, and higher education, with a focus on social justice.
- Occupation: paid work with supervision, focusing on production.
Trust
- Types of trust: subjective, action-based, objective, and reflective.
- Healthcare provider and patient relationship is based on trust, with obligations towards patients including technical competence, non-maleficence, beneficence, and confidentiality.
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Description
This quiz covers the ethical implications and applications of health-related life sciences, including the study and resolution of conflicts among competing values or goals.
