bioenergetics

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What is a characteristic of an isolated system?

It cannot exchange matter or energy with its surroundings. (correct)

It can exchange matter with its surroundings.

It can exchange energy with its surroundings.

It can exchange both matter and energy with its surroundings.

What is the primary role of Gibbs free energy in chemical reactions?

It determines the rate of the reaction.

It determines the entropy of the reaction.

It determines the equilibrium constant of the reaction.

It determines the feasibility of the reaction. (correct)

What is the primary factor that determines the feasibility of a biochemical reaction?

The change in enthalpy (ΔH) of the reactants and products

The change in entropy (ΔS) of the reactants and products

The change in free energy (ΔG) of the reactants and products (correct)

The difference in the concentrations of the reactants and products

Under standard conditions, what is the relationship between ΔG and ΔG°?

ΔG is equal to ΔG° Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between ΔG and ΔG°?

ΔG is the free energy change under non-standard conditions, while ΔG° is the standard free energy change. Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of a negative ΔG value for a reaction?

The reaction is exergonic and releases energy from the system. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the sum of individual ΔG values for a biochemical pathway?

The sum of individual ΔG values determines the thermodynamic feasibility of the pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between ΔG and the equilibrium constant (Keq)?

ΔG is equal to -RT lnKeq Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the free energy change of the forward and reverse reactions?

ΔG(A→B) = -ΔG(B→A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition required for a biochemical reaction to be feasible?

ΔG must be negative Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the second law of thermodynamics on the total entropy of a system?

The total entropy of the system must increase for a spontaneous process. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a positive ΔG value for a biochemical reaction?

The reaction can still occur if it is kinetically favored Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why metabolism enzymes lower the barriers to ATP hydrolysis?

To prevent the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis being wasted Signup and view all the answers

Which type of metabolic reaction is characterized by the formation of complex molecules from simple ones?

Anabolic Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of donating electrons in a redox reaction?

Oxidation Signup and view all the answers

How can a redox reaction be rewritten to better understand its components?

By breaking it down into half-reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of accepting electrons in a redox reaction?

Reduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of enzymes in biological systems?

To reduce the activation energy needed for a reaction Signup and view all the answers

How do biological systems overcome the energy barriers of reactions with positive ∆G values?

By coupling endergonic reactions with exergonic reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ATP in the first step of Glycolysis?

To act as an energy coupler Signup and view all the answers

Why are the terminal phosphate bonds in ATP considered 'high-energy'?

Because they release a large amount of energy on hydrolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the kinetic stability of ATP hydrolysis?

It provides essential kinetic stability for ATP's role in the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of ATP's kinetic stability in its role as an energy coupler?

It allows ATP to store energy for long periods of time Signup and view all the answers

What is the cell potential for the reaction Cu2++ e- → Cu+?

+0.61v Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of ΔG° for the reaction Fe2+ + Cu2+ ↔ Fe3+ + Cu+?

-58,852 J Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for ΔG for a reaction A → B, taking into account the concentrations of reactant and product?

ΔG = ΔG° + RTlnKeq Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of the equilibrium constant for the hydrolysis of Compound A to components B and C, given ΔG° = -3.496 KJ/mol at 25°C?

4.1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between ΔG° for a reaction and the equilibrium constant Keq?

Keq = e(-ΔG°/RT) Signup and view all the answers