Biodiversity and Taxonomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a criterion used to classify threatened species?

  • Presence of invasive species (correct)
  • Destruction and modifications of habitat
  • Species’ geographic range
  • Population size reduction

    • What category do species face an extremely high risk of extinction fall under?

  • Extinct
  • Vulnerable
  • Critically endangered (correct)
  • Endangered

    • Which of the following species is classified as vulnerable?

  • Molave
  • Butanding
  • Philippine Eagle
  • Tiger cat (correct)

    • Which of the following species is known as the 'Monkey-eating Eagle'?

    <p>Philippine Eagle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species has a population that is considered to be critically endangered?

    <p>Philippine Turtle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for the Tamaraw?

    <p>Mindoro Dwarf Buffalo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating population density?

    <p>density = no. of individuals / size of area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aquatic species is also referred to as the sea cow?

    <p>Dugong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor could cause an increase in population density?

    <p>Immigration of individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many species of mammals were reported as internationally threatened in 1991?

    <p>44</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes carrying capacity?

    <p>The maximum population size an environment can support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a limiting factor?

    <p>Population migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to populations that exceed their carrying capacity?

    <p>They begin to decline as resources become insufficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes an endangered species?

    <p>A species that faces extinction risk due to low population numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a direct consequence of emigration?

    <p>Decreased population density in the original area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding population density?

    <p>Population density can vary even if population sizes are the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of extinction for the West African Black Rhinoceros?

    <p>Poaching driven by the belief in medicinal properties of their horns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT identified as a factor in the extinction of the Pyrenean ibex?

    <p>Natural disasters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason behind deforestation in the Philippines?

    <p>Kaingin farming and illegal logging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ecological problem is associated with eutrophication?

    <p>Depletion of dissolved oxygen in water bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which extinct animal was last known to exist in 1700 BC?

    <p>Woolly Mammoth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of rapid deforestation as mentioned in the content?

    <p>Soil erosion and floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential benefit of water pollution according to the context provided?

    <p>Enhanced growth of aquatic plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What directly contributes to the depletion of wildlife resources as a result of deforestation?

    <p>Conversion of land for agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems?

    <p>Mass death of fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical is known for its inability to be excreted by fish, leading to biological magnification?

    <p>Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process leads to pollutants becoming concentrated in higher trophic levels of the food chain?

    <p>Biological magnification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pollutants is primarily associated with industrial waste from factories?

    <p>Heavy metals like lead and mercury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main result of the greenhouse effect when carbon dioxide concentrations increase?

    <p>Intensified global warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is a significant byproduct of fuel combustion in cars that contributes to air pollution?

    <p>Nitrogen oxides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to aquatic life during a fish kill event caused by water pollution?

    <p>Lack of oxygen leading to death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the top contributor to air pollution as mentioned in the content?

    <p>Cars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of taxonomy?

    <p>To classify and name organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following contributes to species extinction?

    <p>Habitat destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the generic name refer to in binomial nomenclature?

    <p>The genus to which the species belongs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a high index of diversity indicate about a community?

    <p>It can better withstand environmental changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Carolus Linnaeus in the field of taxonomy?

    <p>He formulated principles for naming and classifying organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of global warming?

    <p>Increase in CO2 and other gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'biodiversity' encompass?

    <p>The variety of life forms and their interdependence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of acid rain?

    <p>Causes yellowing of tree leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the index of diversity calculated?

    <p>By comparing the number of species to the number of trees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sustainable development ensure?

    <p>Preservation of resources for future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a population in ecological terms?

    <p>A group of the same species within a certain area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by climate change?

    <p>Long term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of deforestation?

    <p>Destruction of coastal mangrove forests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What human activities contribute to the destruction of coastal areas?

    <p>Coastal residential development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substances primarily contribute to the formation of acid rain?

    <p>Sulfur and nitrogen oxides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a direct effect of acid precipitation on plants?

    <p>Loss of nutrients from the soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biodiversity

    • Biodiversity is the variety of life forms on Earth and the essential interconnectedness of all living things.
    • Bio = Life, Diversity = Variety
    • The images show examples of the diverse life forms on Earth

    Taxonomic Classification of Organisms

    • Organisms are classified using a hierarchical system.
    • Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
    • "Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup" is a mnemonic device to remember the order of classification.

    Father of Taxonomy

    • Carolus Linnaeus was a Swedish naturalist and explorer.
    • He developed the principles for classifying natural genera and species of organisms.
    • He created a uniform system for naming organisms – binomial nomenclature (using two names).

    Scientific Names

    • The scientific name of a species is made up of two parts.
    • Generic name (genus): the first part, used for a wider group of organisms
    • Specific name (specific epithet or species):  the second part, used to describe a smaller, unique group of organisms

    Definitions of Terms

    • Extinction: the complete disappearance of a group of organisms due to an inability to adapt to changing environmental conditions.
    • Species: a group of organisms with the same structure and characteristics who may interbreed.
    • Ecosystem: a community of living organisms interacting with non-living environmental components in their ecosystem.

    Causes of Species Extinction

    • Taking animals for profit
    • Hunting and Trapping
    • Overharvesting
    • Habitat Destruction
    • Pollution

    Population

    • A population is a group of living things within a certain area that are all of the same species.
    • Different populations may exist within the same community.

    Communities

    • Diverse communities with many different species (high index of diversity) are better at withstanding environmental changes compared to communities with only few species (low index of diversity).
    • Index of diversity = number of species/number of trees.

    Index of Diversity

    • Vacant lots, grass lawns, and trees usually have lower indices of diversity.
    • Communities with many different species have a high index of diversity.

    Measuring Population Density

    • Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume.
    • Density = number of individuals/size of area

    Example of Population Density Calculation

    • If 60 ants live in a 4 square meter plot of grass, the population density is 15 ants per square meter.
    • If 100 ants live in a 4 square meter plot of grass, the population density is 25 ants per square meter.

    Factors Affecting Population Density

    • Immigration (new members moving into the ecosystem)
    • Emigration (members moving out of the ecosystem)
    • Population sizes can be the same but have different densities due to immigration and emigration.

    Immigration/Emigration

    • Immigration: an animal moves to a new habitat because the new home offers resources or is suitable for them.
    • Emigration: an animal leaves its current habitat, usually due to less optimal habitat conditions.

    Limiting Factors

    • Limiting factors are environmental conditions that restrict population growth.
    • Limiting factors help keep populations in check, thus balancing the ecosystem.
    • Examples of limiting factors include availability of food, water, living conditions, light, temperature, soil nutrients and more.

    Carrying Capacity

    • Carrying capacity is the maximum population size that an environment can support sustainably.
    • If the population size goes over the carrying capacity, the population can decrease due to inability to meet needs for survival.

    Endangered/Threatened Species

    • A species is considered endangered when the population is so small that the species will likely become extinct without intervention.
    • A species is threatened when they are at risk of becoming endangered in the near future.
    • Criteria for classifying threatened species include habitat destruction, natural or man-made factors, population size reduction, and species' geographic range.
    • Critically endangered species are at an extremely high risk of extinction.
    • Endangered species are critically endangered but chances of survival are unlikely, in the wild.
    • Vulnerable species are not critically endangered, but are under threat of extinction.

    Examples of Critically Endangered, Endangered, and Vulnerable Species (Philippine)

    • Critically Endangered: Tamaraw (Mindoro), Waling-waling orchid, Philippine Eagle, Dugong.
    • Endangered: Butanding, Molave, Philippine Turtle
    • Vulnerable: Tiger cat, Apitong tree, sea horse, Philippine duck.
    • Other Philippine terrestrial species include Tamaraw in Mindoro, Mouse Deer in Palawan, Philippine Deer, and Monkey-eating eagle.

    Extinction

    • Extinction is the complete disappearance of a species when the last of its members die.
    • Causes of extinction include natural factors (environmental changes) and anthropogenic factors (human-made impacts).

    Natural Causes of Extinction

    • Change on Landscapes (global warming and climate change)
    • Meteor impacts and cosmic radiation
    • Extreme heating and cooling of the Earth's surface

    Anthropogenic Causes of Extinction

    • Habitat Destruction
    • Invasive Species
    • Population Growth
    • Pollution
    • Overexploitation

    Examples of Extinct Animals

    • West African black rhinoceros
    • Pyrenean ibex
    • Woolly mammoth

    Local & Global Issues Contributing to Species Extinction

    • Deforestation (Kaingin farming, Illegal logging, etc.)
    • Water pollution (eutrophication, waste)
    • Air pollution (pollution from cars, contributing to greenhouse effect and global warming)
    • Destruction of Coastal Resources (deforestation, agricultural activities, mining activities, dynamite fishing, muro-ami)
    • Acid Precipitation/Acid Rain

    Biological Magnification

    • This is the increase in concentration of pollutants in organisms in higher trophic levels of a food chain.
    • Pollutants accumulate in higher trophic levels due to consumption of organisms that accumulate pollutants in their own tissue. PCB from toxic waste, can be dangerous to fish and humans.
    • Pollutants like PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl), mercury, and cadmium are examples.

    Sustainable Development

    • Sustainable development is the rate at which society uses renewable resources without exceeding the rate at which they are generated.
    • This seeks to maintain resources necessary for survival while ensuring their availability in the future and protecting the environment.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about biodiversity and the scientific classification of organisms. Learn about the influence of Carolus Linnaeus and the importance of binomial nomenclature. This quiz highlights the interconnectedness of life forms and their taxonomy.

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