Biodiversity and Population Dynamics

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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes an invasive species from other species?

It originates from the same ecosystem.

It outcompetes native species and damages ecosystems. (correct)

It has never been observed in the wild.

It is always a non-native species.

Which of the following species is considered endangered in the Philippines?

Golden Apple Snail

Mouse Deer (Pilandok) (correct)

Cane Toad

Giant African Land Snail

What does it mean for a species to be threatened?

It has sufficient populations in the wild.

It is declining rapidly and at risk of becoming endangered. (correct)

It is thriving in its natural habitat.

It is already extinct in the wild.

Which of the following statements about non-native species is true?

They can include both beneficial and harmful species. Signup and view all the answers

What does biodiversity encompass?

The variety of life on Earth at all levels, including genes and ecosystems Signup and view all the answers

Which animal is categorized as an endangered species among the options provided?

Philippine Eagle Signup and view all the answers

What is genetic diversity primarily concerned with?

The different genes and their variations within species Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the diversity of living species within a specific environment?

Species diversity Signup and view all the answers

What is intraspecific diversity?

The genetic variation among individuals within the same species Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of ecosystem diversity?

The various types of forests, deserts, and oceans Signup and view all the answers

What primarily drives the interaction between different levels of biodiversity?

Evolutionary and ecological processes Signup and view all the answers

What does interspecific diversity focus on?

The number and nature of different species within an ecosystem Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a level of biodiversity?

Population diversity Signup and view all the answers

Which natural factor is identified as a potential cause of extinction?

Global Warming Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following national laws protects wildlife in the Philippines?

RA 7586 Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason the Philippines is considered a biodiversity hotspot?

High species endemism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the extinction causes?

Destruction of habitat contributes to extinction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct definition of a population in ecological terms?

A group of organisms of the same species in a specific area Signup and view all the answers

Which order of species classification is accurate regarding the Philippines?

Fifth in plant species and fourth in bird endemism. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT considered a limiting factor affecting population density?

Carrying capacity Signup and view all the answers

What term describes species that are originally found in a particular area without human influence?

Native species Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate population density?

Number of individuals / Size of area Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following species is known to be endemic to the Philippines?

Philippine eagle Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of carrying capacity in an ecosystem?

The maximum population size an environment can support Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the concept of community in ecology?

A collection of various populations in a specific area Signup and view all the answers

Which type of species is introduced to a region and typically disrupts the local ecosystem?

Invasive species Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

What is Biodiversity?

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth at all levels, encompassing genes, ecosystems, and the processes that sustain life.
Genetic diversity focuses on the variation of genes within and between species.
Species diversity describes the variety of living species on Earth, encompassing both intraspecific (variation within a species) and interspecific (variation between species) diversity.
Ecosystem diversity encompasses the variety of ecosystems where living species interact with their environment and each other.
Interplay and interaction between biodiversity levels are essential for a constantly evolving reality.

Population and Community

A population consists of organisms of the same species within a specific area.
A community includes several different populations.
Population density refers to the number of individuals per unit area.
Factors affecting population density:
- Migration, death rate, birth rate, food and water availability, living conditions, light, temperature, and soil nutrients.
Limiting factors are all elements that affect population density, helping to balance an ecosystem.
Carrying capacity is the maximum population size that an environment can sustainably support.

### Native, Invasive, and Non-Native Species

Native species are plants and animals that naturally occur in a specific area without human influence.
- Indigenous species are a type of native species, more widely dispersed and adaptable.
- Endemic species, found only in specific areas, are at a higher risk of extinction.
Invasive species outcompete other species, causing damage to an ecosystem.
Non-native species (also called exotic species) originate from areas different from their current location and are introduced to a new environment.

Extinct, Endangered, and Threatened

Extinction is the death of the last surviving individual of a species, population, or gene, locally or globally.
Endangered species have populations so low that only a few individuals remain.
Threatened species are declining rapidly and are at risk of becoming endangered.

Natural and Man-Made Factors of Extinction

Natural Factors: Volcanic activity, global warming, global cooling (ice age), oxygen depletion, comet/asteroid impact.
Man-Made Factors: Deforestation, pollution, habitat destruction, introduction of invasive species, overhunting.

Philippine Biodiversity

The Philippines is a mega-biodiverse country, containing two-thirds of Earth's biodiversity.
It ranks fifth in the number of plant species, maintaining 5% of the world's flora.
High species endemism, with 25 genera of plants and 49% of terrestrial wildlife unique to the Philippines.
The country ranks fourth in bird endemism.
Considered a biodiversity hotspot with over 700 threatened species.
The Philippine Constitution recognizes the right to a balanced and healthful ecology.

### National Laws Protecting Biodiversity

RA 7586 (NIPAS Act): National Integrated Protected Areas System Act.
RA 9147: Wildlife Resources Protection and Conservation Act.
RA 9072: National Cave and Cave Resources Management and Protection Act.
Presidential Decree 705: Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines.
RA 8550 and RA 10654: Philippine Fisheries Code and Amended Fisheries Code.

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Description

This quiz explores the concepts of biodiversity, including genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. It also delves into the definitions of populations and communities, discussing factors that affect population density. Test your understanding of these interrelated ecological principles!