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Questions and Answers
What does functional diversity refer to in the context of ecosystems?
What does functional diversity refer to in the context of ecosystems?
- The variety of processes like energy flow and matter cycling. (correct)
- The interaction rates among species in food webs.
- The variety of species present within an ecosystem.
- The genetic differences among individuals in a species.
How does biodiversity contribute to natural capital?
How does biodiversity contribute to natural capital?
- It supports life and economies through various resources. (correct)
- It is solely responsible for aesthetic values.
- It solely focuses on providing food sources.
- It decreases the resilience of ecosystems.
What is the primary reason individual organisms struggle to survive according to Darwin and Wallace?
What is the primary reason individual organisms struggle to survive according to Darwin and Wallace?
- To accumulate wealth and acquire resources
- To reproduce successfully and pass on advantages (correct)
- To migrate to more favorable environments
- To form social structures within populations
What observation did Darwin and Wallace make about individuals in a population?
What observation did Darwin and Wallace make about individuals in a population?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit derived from biodiversity?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit derived from biodiversity?
What role does technology play in relation to biodiversity?
What role does technology play in relation to biodiversity?
How does natural selection contribute to adaptations in populations?
How does natural selection contribute to adaptations in populations?
In which way does biodiversity impact food chains and webs?
In which way does biodiversity impact food chains and webs?
What role do mutations play in the genetic makeup of populations as discussed by Darwin and Wallace?
What role do mutations play in the genetic makeup of populations as discussed by Darwin and Wallace?
What defines the struggle for survival among organisms in a population?
What defines the struggle for survival among organisms in a population?
What are examples of resources provided by biodiversity?
What are examples of resources provided by biodiversity?
Which of the following statements most accurately describes genetic diversity?
Which of the following statements most accurately describes genetic diversity?
Why is energy flow considered a part of functional diversity?
Why is energy flow considered a part of functional diversity?
What is the first possible future a species might face when environmental conditions change rapidly?
What is the first possible future a species might face when environmental conditions change rapidly?
Why are endemic species particularly vulnerable to extinction?
Why are endemic species particularly vulnerable to extinction?
What is one reason why amphibians, as an example of endangered species, are particularly vulnerable?
What is one reason why amphibians, as an example of endangered species, are particularly vulnerable?
What is the second possible outcome for a species faced with rapidly changing environmental conditions?
What is the second possible outcome for a species faced with rapidly changing environmental conditions?
Which factor contributes to an endemic species' inability to migrate in rapidly changing environments?
Which factor contributes to an endemic species' inability to migrate in rapidly changing environments?
Which natural event is NOT cited as a typical cause of rapid environmental change?
Which natural event is NOT cited as a typical cause of rapid environmental change?
What could be an outcome for separated populations in the context of environmental change?
What could be an outcome for separated populations in the context of environmental change?
What role does natural selection play when environmental conditions change rapidly?
What role does natural selection play when environmental conditions change rapidly?
What is one of the roles of genetic diversity in ecosystems?
What is one of the roles of genetic diversity in ecosystems?
Which of these is NOT a component of ecosystem diversity?
Which of these is NOT a component of ecosystem diversity?
How does biodiversity contribute to ecosystem stability?
How does biodiversity contribute to ecosystem stability?
Which function does genetic diversity NOT serve?
Which function does genetic diversity NOT serve?
What is a consequence of insufficient genetic diversity within a species?
What is a consequence of insufficient genetic diversity within a species?
Which service do ecosystems provide that involves controlling pest populations?
Which service do ecosystems provide that involves controlling pest populations?
Who is one of the key researchers associated with the study of biodiversity?
Who is one of the key researchers associated with the study of biodiversity?
What role do ecosystems play in maintaining topsoil fertility?
What role do ecosystems play in maintaining topsoil fertility?
What could be a consequence of an area of land splitting apart for a species' survival?
What could be a consequence of an area of land splitting apart for a species' survival?
Which of the following might be a characteristic favored by natural selection in animals during ice sheet advancements?
Which of the following might be a characteristic favored by natural selection in animals during ice sheet advancements?
What long-term impact can glacial ice coverage changes have on biodiversity?
What long-term impact can glacial ice coverage changes have on biodiversity?
How would natural selection likely react to a plant species facing advancing ice sheets?
How would natural selection likely react to a plant species facing advancing ice sheets?
Which of the following statements about ice coverage evolution is correct?
Which of the following statements about ice coverage evolution is correct?
What characteristic might be least favorable for a plant species in a rapidly changing, icy environment?
What characteristic might be least favorable for a plant species in a rapidly changing, icy environment?
Why is habitat fragmentation a concern for species' survival during land splitting events?
Why is habitat fragmentation a concern for species' survival during land splitting events?
What role do glaciers play in shaping ecosystems over time?
What role do glaciers play in shaping ecosystems over time?
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Study Notes
Population Responses to Environmental Changes
- Species face three futures when conditions change: adapt via natural selection, migrate to favorable areas, or face extinction.
- Endemic species, found only in specific areas, are especially prone to extinction due to their inability to adapt or migrate.
Vulnerability of Endemic Species
- Endemic species often exist in isolated environments like islands and tropical rainforests.
- They are unlikely to migrate due to geographic barriers (e.g., oceans, mountains) and specialized roles in their ecosystems.
- Amphibians, such as poison dart frogs, are commonly endangered due to their habitat specificity.
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
- Biodiversity encompasses four components: genetic diversity, species diversity, ecosystem diversity, and functional diversity.
- Functional diversity involves processes like energy flow and matter cycling, essential for ecosystem stability.
- Biodiversity underpins vital ecosystem services that maintain air and water quality, soil fertility, and waste recycling.
Impacts of Human Action on Biodiversity
- Technological advancements leverage biodiversity for resources like food, medicine, and biofuels.
- Increased extinctions undermine natural capital, threatening ecological balance and human economies.
Natural Selection and Survival
- Natural selection enables populations to survive environmental changes by favoring individuals with advantageous traits.
- Researchers have contributed significantly to our understanding of biodiversity and natural selection dynamics.
Geological Changes and Species Survival
- Environmental shifts (e.g., land splitting) can limit habitats, isolating populations and reducing genetic diversity.
- Such geological changes may hinder species' ability to adapt or migrate, potentially leading to extinction.
Ecosystem Diversity
- The earth's ecosystems include deserts, grasslands, forests, and aquatic environments, showcasing a vast variety of life forms.
- Ecosystem diversity contributes to overall biodiversity, enhancing resilience against invasive species and environmental changes.
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