Biodiversity and Bioinformatics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is one consequence of biodiversity loss on ecosystems?

  • Stabilized weather patterns
  • Diminished ecosystem functionality (correct)
  • Increased water retention in soil
  • Enhanced nutrient cycling

Which of the following is identified as a threat to biodiversity?

  • Higher education rates
  • Growing technology sectors
  • Increased population density
  • Habitat loss and destruction (correct)

How does biodiversity impact nutrient cycles?

  • By limiting the number of species in an ecosystem
  • Through the specialization of organisms within ecosystems (correct)
  • By enhancing the variability of nutrient availability
  • By decreasing the overall size of the ecosystem

Which of the following best defines biodiversity?

<p>The wide variety of life forms on Earth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does biodiversity NOT influence in an ecosystem?

<p>Technological advancement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect can global climate change have on biodiversity?

<p>It can lead to alterations in ecosystem composition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary benefit of intact ecosystems?

<p>Optimal functioning of organisms within them (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of biodiversity is essential for the overall productivity of ecosystems?

<p>Genetic diversity among species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is bioinformatics primarily concerned with?

<p>Storing and analyzing biological data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was bioinformatics established?

<p>To create extensive databases of biological sequences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the suggested ways to check the reliability of a web source?

<p>Assessing the website's design quality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serious issue related to technology is highlighted in the content?

<p>Cyberbullying (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are computers and software tools used in bioinformatics?

<p>They generate databases of biological sequences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be considered a significant challenge presented by social media?

<p>Increasing the digital divide between classes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is listed as a useful and reliable web source?

<p>Alzheimer’s Foundation of America newsletter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one function of bioinformatics related to proteins?

<p>Modeling the structure of proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critical role does biodiversity play in nutrition?

<p>It enhances genetic diversity within species. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can climate change impact human health according to the provided content?

<p>It might deteriorate farming systems and reduce nutrition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a basic need of living organisms mentioned?

<p>Genetic diversity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of habitat simplification and species loss?

<p>Increased environmental vulnerability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ethical dilemma is raised by the relationships between human health and the environment?

<p>Choosing among competing values related to health and environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential outcome of completely halting pesticide use?

<p>Significant reduction in agricultural productivity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is genetic diversity within species important?

<p>It ensures varied micronutrient availability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can the clearing of land lead to concerning food security?

<p>Potential food shortages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What period does the Information Age primarily refer to?

<p>The last quarter of the 20th century (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is NOT used interchangeably with the Information Age?

<p>Industrial Age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary challenge of information management in the 1960s and 1970s?

<p>Difficulties in information collection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the 'Father of Information Theory'?

<p>Claude E. Shannon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wearable computers are primarily integrated into which of the following?

<p>Cellphones and watches (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Theory of the Information Age, how do information systems operate?

<p>On a real-time and as-needed basis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the preferred medium of exchange during the Information Age?

<p>Information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are desktop computers primarily characterized?

<p>Set up in a permanent spot without portability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of somatic gene therapy?

<p>To change genes in cells that do not affect future generations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which application of nanotechnology is NOT mentioned in the Philippines' roadmap?

<p>Manufacturing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes germ-line gene therapy?

<p>Genetic modification of germ cells for inheritance by future generations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area is one of the possible applications of nanotechnology listed?

<p>Health and medicine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can nanotechnology contribute to energy solutions?

<p>By improving the efficiency of energy conversion and storage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one benefit of GMOs in relation to farming efficiency?

<p>Higher efficiency in farming (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following GMOs is specifically developed for pest resistance?

<p>Bt Corn (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential risk is associated with human consumption of GMOs?

<p>Increased allergic reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which GMO is known for herbicide tolerance?

<p>Roundup Ready Soybean (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is bacterial gene introduced in the process of creating GMOs?

<p>Through DNA extraction and isolation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is improved through genetic modification in crops?

<p>Improvement of desirable characteristics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential long-term environmental risk of GMOs?

<p>Spread of engineered traits to wild populations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which GMO is known for its role in cosmetic preservation?

<p>Arctic Apple (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is information?

Information is knowledge communicated or obtained concerning a specific fact or circumstance.

Why is information essential for survival?

Information helps us understand our surroundings and make informed decisions, which are crucial for survival.

What defines the Information Age?

The Information Age is a period marked by the effortless accessibility of information through publications and computer networks.

What are other names for the Information Age?

The Information Age is also called the Digital Age and the New Media Age due to the rise of computers.

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What is the Theory of the Information Age?

Proposed by James R.Messenger in 1982, it emphasizes the interconnectedness of computers through telecommunications, allowing real-time information access.

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What challenge arose in the 1960s and 1970s?

The abundance of information made it difficult to collect and manage, leading to the rise of large computer systems.

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What is the currency of the business world in the 1990s?

Information became the primary medium of exchange, with information managers leading the way.

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What is a desktop computer?

A desktop computer is a PC designed for stationary use, offering more storage, power, and versatility compared to portable versions.

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Technological Divide

The gap between people who have access to technology and those who do not, often linked to social class.

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Cyberbullying

Harassment or bullying that takes place online using electronic communications.

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Bioinformatics

The application of computer science to biological data, analyzing and organizing information on DNA, proteins, etc.

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What is Bioinformatics Used For?

Bioinformatics is used to create databases of biological sequences (like DNA or protein), analyze them for function, model protein structures, and identify disease-causing genes.

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Why was Bioinformatics Established?

Bioinformatics was established because of the massive amount of biological data generated, requiring efficient storage, organization, and analysis.

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What is the Biggest Exercise in Computational Biology?

The analysis of human DNA variations - The Human Genome Project.

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How do Computers Help in Bioinformatics?

Computers and software are used to create databases of biological sequences, analyze them for function, and model protein structures.

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What Makes a Website Reliable?

A reliable website has a credible author, clear purpose, and high-quality information. The website should be published by a reputable organization and target the appropriate audience.

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Biodiversity

The variety of life forms on Earth, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, across all ecosystems.

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Ecosystem

A community of living organisms interacting with their non-living environment, like a forest or a coral reef.

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Habitat Loss

Destruction or degradation of environments where organisms live, like deforestation or pollution.

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Over-Exploitation

Excessive use of resources, like overfishing or poaching, depleting populations.

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Pollution

Contamination of the environment with harmful substances like chemicals or waste.

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Global Climate Change

Changes in Earth's climate due to human activity, leading to temperature increases and extreme weather.

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Consequences of Biodiversity Loss

Impacts on ecosystem functions, including reduced productivity, disrupted nutrient cycles, and altered environmental conditions.

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Benefits of Biodiversity

Healthy and functioning ecosystems provide essential services, such as clean air, water, and food.

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Biodiversity's Role

Biodiversity provides essential goods and services that we rely on for survival, such as food, medicine, and industry.

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Impact on Nutrition

Biodiversity influences our nutrition by affecting the variety and quality of food sources available.

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Biodiversity & Food Production

Biodiversity plays a critical role in food production as an ecosystem service, influencing the productivity and health of agricultural systems.

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Species Diversity & Nutrition

The composition of nutrients in foods varies significantly between species, impacting micronutrient availability in our diets.

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Habitat Simplification

Loss of habitat and simplification of ecosystems increase vulnerability to environmental stressors.

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Climate Change and Health

Climate change can negatively impact human health, including food security and nutritional status.

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Human Health and Environmental Challenges

The relationship between human well-being and the environment poses complex ethical and social dilemmas, forcing us to balance competing values.

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Balancing Needs

Stopping pesticide use could be beneficial for the environment, but it could also lead to food shortages and price increases, impacting vulnerable populations.

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Gene Therapy

A technique to treat or prevent disease by replacing, inactivating, or introducing genes into a patient's cells.

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Somatic Gene Therapy

Gene therapy that targets body cells to treat a disease in the patient but does not affect the offspring.

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Germ-line Gene Therapy

Gene therapy that modifies germ cells (sperm or egg) to pass on genetic changes to the next generation.

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Nanotechnology in the Philippines

The application of nanotechnology in various sectors like ICT, health, energy, agriculture, and the environment in the Philippines.

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Nanotech Roadmap

A plan outlining the development and implementation of nanotechnology initiatives in the Philippines, funded by the Department of Science and Technology.

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GMO Definition

A genetically modified organism (GMO) is a microorganism whose DNA has been altered in a way that doesn't occur naturally.

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Humulin

Humulin is a genetically engineered form of human insulin produced by bacteria.

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GMO Benefit: Farming Efficiency

GMOs help increase farming efficiency by producing higher yields, controlling fertility, and reducing the need for pesticides and fertilizers.

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GMO Risk: Long-term Effects

The long-term effects of GMOs on humans and the environment are still unknown due to the relative newness of genetic engineering.

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Bt Corn

Bt corn is genetically modified to produce a toxin that kills corn borer insects, a major pest.

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Golden Rice

Golden rice is a genetically modified rice variety enriched with beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A.

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GMO Risk: Allergic Reactions

Consuming GMOs may increase the risk of allergic reactions because new proteins are introduced.

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GMO Risk: Antibiotic Resistance

Some GMOs contain genes for antibiotic resistance, which could contribute to the rise of resistant bacteria.

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Study Notes

Information Age History

  • Information is "knowledge" communicated or obtained concerning a specific fact or circumstance.
  • Information is essential for survival.
  • The Information Age started in the late 20th century.
  • Information became effortlessly accessible through publications and the management of information by computers and computer networks.
  • Information conveyance among humans evolved rapidly. The Digital Age and New Media Age are also associated with the development of computers.
  • James R. Messenger proposed the Theory of the Information Age in 1982.
  • The Information Age is based on the interconnection of telecommunications, computers, and information systems operating in real and as-needed time basis.

Timeline of the Information Age

  • 3000 BC: Sumerian writing system using pictographs.
  • 2900 BC: Beginnings of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing.
  • 1300 BC: Tortoise shell and oracle bone writing.
  • 500 BC: Papyrus roll.
  • 220 BC: Chinese small seal writing.
  • 100 AD: Book (parchment codex).
  • 1802: Library of Congress Established.
  • 1824: Invention of the carbon arc lamp.
  • ...and many more events, years and associated events listed in the provided text.

Technologies

  • Desktop Computers: Permanent spot, more storage, and versatile than portable versions.
  • Laptops: Portable and commonly called notebooks.
  • PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants): Tightly integrated computers, usually using touch screens for input. Smaller and battery powered.
  • Servers: Computers that provide network services to other computers, powerful processors, lots of memory, and large hard drives.
  • Mainframes: Huge computer systems that can fill a room. Primarily used by large organizations for processing millions of transactions.
  • Wearable Computers: Materials integrated into cell phones, watches, or other objects.

World Wide Web (Internet)

  • The Internet is a worldwide system of interconnected networks facilitating information transmission among numerous computers.
  • Developed in the 1970s by the Department of Defense for scientific communication initially.
  • Considered essential communication tool by many scientists.

Bioinformatics

  • Bioinformatics is the application of information technology to store, organize, and analyze vast amounts of biological data.
  • Vast amounts of biological data in the form of sequences and structures of proteins ("building blocks of organisms") and nucleic acids.
  • Bioinformatics created databases of biological sequences.
  • Computers and software tools are widely used for generating these databases.

Biodiversity and Ecosystem

  • Biodiversity is the variety of life forms on Earth.
  • This includes terrestrial, marine, and aquatic ecosystems.
  • Biodiversity is important for the environment and for human societies.
  • Loss of biodiversity has consequences on ecosystem functions.
  • Loss can effect the food chain, nutrient cycles, and weather patterns.

Health, Biology, and Biodiversity

  • Basic needs of living organisms such as air, water, food, and habitat are provided by the environment.
  • The evolution of humans is related to improved access to those basic needs.
  • Advancements in agriculture, sanitation, and hygiene have had a greater impact on human health than medical technology.
  • Environmental hazards such as pollution, chemicals, and housing conditions contribute to illnesses.
  • Specific illnesses associated with pollution or environmental factors were listed in the text
  • Fossil fuels were mentioned as having an impact on the environment.

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

  • Organisms created through genetic engineering.
  • GMOs have potential benefits like increased efficiency in farming, increased harvest, greater control of fertility, improved food processing, and more desirable characteristics.
  • Potential risks including effects on humans and the environment were identified . (e.g., unknown adverse effects, gene mutation, antibiotic resistance). Gene flow between GMOs and wild plants may also have an impact.

Nanotechnology

  • A billionth of a meter.
  • Nanoscale materials have larger surface areas.
  • Nanotechnology has applications in information technology, health, medicine, and many more industries.

Stem Cell Gene Therapy

  • Uses to treat diseases by replacing, inactivating or introducing new genes.
  • Two types of gene therapy: Somatic gene therapy and Germ-line gene therapy are defined.

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Description

This quiz explores critical concepts related to biodiversity, its impact on ecosystems, and the role of bioinformatics in understanding these interactions. It covers important definitions, threats to biodiversity, and the benefits of maintaining healthy ecosystems. Test your knowledge on these vital topics and their implications for the environment.

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