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Questions and Answers
What is matter?
What is matter?
Anything that occupies space and has mass.
Define mass.
Define mass.
The amount of matter in an object.
What is energy?
What is energy?
The capacity to do work.
What type of energy is energy in motion?
What type of energy is energy in motion?
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What is chemical energy?
What is chemical energy?
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What does the equation ADP + Pi + energy from food → ATP represent?
What does the equation ADP + Pi + energy from food → ATP represent?
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What occurs in the breakdown of ATP?
What occurs in the breakdown of ATP?
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What does inorganic chemistry deal with?
What does inorganic chemistry deal with?
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What is biochemistry the study of?
What is biochemistry the study of?
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Who first introduced the term biochemistry?
Who first introduced the term biochemistry?
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The cell theory states that all organisms are made of cells.
The cell theory states that all organisms are made of cells.
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Cells were discovered in the 20th century.
Cells were discovered in the 20th century.
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What is the average size of a cell?
What is the average size of a cell?
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The __________ is the basic unit of life in all living things.
The __________ is the basic unit of life in all living things.
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What structures do all cells have in common?
What structures do all cells have in common?
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What surrounds organelles in a cell?
What surrounds organelles in a cell?
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The cell membrane is fully permeable to all substances.
The cell membrane is fully permeable to all substances.
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Study Notes
Basic Chemistry
- Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass, existing in solid, liquid, or gas form.
- Mass measures the amount of matter in an object; weight is the gravitational force acting on that mass.
Energy
- Energy is the capacity to perform work, which involves moving matter.
- Kinetic energy refers to energy in motion, while potential energy is stored and not currently doing work.
Chemical Energy
- Chemical energy is potential energy stored within chemical bonds.
- Energy is required or released during chemical reactions; if reactants’ potential energy is less than products, energy must be inputted, and vice versa.
Chemical Reactions
- The generation of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) from ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and phosphate involves energy input from food.
- Energy is released when ATP breaks down into ADP and phosphate, supplying energy for cellular functions.
Inorganic Chemistry vs Organic Chemistry
- Inorganic chemistry involves substances without carbon, while organic chemistry focuses on carbon-containing substances.
- Exceptions exist; for instance, CO2 (carbon dioxide) does not qualify as organic as it lacks hydrogen.
Biochemistry
- Biochemistry, also called biological chemistry or chemical biology, studies chemical processes in living organisms.
- The field emerged in the late 18th and early 19th century, with the term coined by Carl Neuberg in 1903.
Cell Theory
- Developed in the 1830s by Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, stating:
- All organisms consist of cells.
- The cell is the fundamental unit of life.
- All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Cells: The Basic Unit of Life
- Cells were discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke; humans contain approximately 100 trillion cells.
- Mammals have about 200 different cell types, with an average cell size of 20 micrometers.
Cell Size
- Cell size is constrained by diffusion rates; as cell size increases, material diffusion slows.
- The surface area-to-volume ratio diminishes with larger cell size, leading to volume increasing at a faster rate than surface area.
Cellular Anatomy
- All cells share certain structures:
- Nucleus/Nucleoid: Contains genetic material.
- Cytoplasm: A semi-fluid matrix surrounding organelles.
- Cell membrane: A phospholipid bilayer controlling material passage in and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm
- A jelly-like area between the nucleus and cell membrane that hosts organelles, which perform specialized functions vital for cellular activities.
- Facilitates vital processes like energy acquisition, reproduction, adaptation, and homeostasis maintenance.
Cell (Plasma) Membrane
- The structure that regulates material passage and provides protection and support for the cell.
- Features a semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer composed of hydrophilic heads facing the aqueous environment and hydrophobic tails facing inward.
Membrane Composition
- Lipids form the bilayer structure, while proteins may be surface-level or mobile within the bilayer.
- Carbohydrates are often attached to proteins or lipids on the membrane surface, contributing to cellular function and interaction.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of biochemistry, focusing on fundamental concepts such as matter, mass, weight, and energy types. Test your understanding of how energy relates to work and the properties of matter. Ideal for students new to the subject!
