Biochemistry: The Life of Frederick Sanger

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Questions and Answers

What breakthrough method did Frederick Sanger develop for sequencing DNA?

  • Utilizing dideoxy chain termination with a molecular inhibitor (correct)
  • Applying fluorescent dye labeling for fragment visualization
  • Employing restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sequences
  • Using polymerase chain reaction to amplify DNA fragments

In what year did Frederick Sanger win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research on insulin?

  • 1960
  • 1958 (correct)
  • 1955
  • 1967

What motivated Sanger to move to the laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, UK?

  • A passion for understanding the genetic material sequence (correct)
  • To collaborate with other Nobel laureates
  • The desire to develop synthetic proteins
  • To establish a new protein synthesis technique

Which organism's RNA did Sanger successfully sequence by 1967?

<p>Escherichia coli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge did Sanger face when shifting his focus to DNA sequencing in the early 1970s?

<p>The complexity of DNA's double-stranded helix structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of John Sulston's research?

<p>The nematode worm <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which significant contribution did John Sulston make to the Human Genome Project?

<p>Pioneering work on the sequencing of <em>C. elegans</em> genome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Sanger's method instrumental in achieving?

<p>Sequencing the entirety of the human genome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the C. elegans genome sequencing is accurate?

<p>It was the first animal genome to be fully sequenced. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did John Sulston share the Nobel Prize?

<p>2002 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of Frederick Sanger's doctoral research?

<p>Amino acids and their metabolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year did Frederick Sanger develop the dideoxy method of DNA sequencing?

<p>1977 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of his career did Frederick Sanger identify as his greatest strength?

<p>Collaborative research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did Sanger's work have on the field of molecular biology?

<p>Led to advancements in gene therapy and genetic manipulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one contribution of the Wellcome Sanger Institute established in 1993?

<p>Dedicated to genome research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Sanger's early life is true?

<p>He supported his PhD studies through an inheritance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Sanger Sequencing from other DNA sequencing techniques?

<p>It utilizes the dideoxy method to identify bases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which prize did Frederick Sanger share in 1980 for his contributions to science?

<p>Nobel Prize in Chemistry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Frederick Sanger

A two-time Nobel laureate and biochemist known for sequencing DNA and proteins.

Sanger Sequencing

A method of DNA sequencing developed by Frederick Sanger using the dideoxy technique.

Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958

Awarded to Sanger for his work on the sequencing of insulin, marking a significant achievement in biochemistry.

Amino Acids

The building blocks of proteins that Sanger studied for his PhD.

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Wellcome Sanger Institute

A genome research center established by Sanger in 1993, significant in genomic studies.

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Dideoxy Method

A technique developed by Sanger for DNA sequencing which involves chain termination.

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Insulin Structure

The unique amino acid arrangement and 3D shape of insulin, completed by Sanger's team in 1955.

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Protein Synthesis

The process where amino acids are arranged into proteins, central to Sanger's research.

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John Sulston

An English biologist known for his work on C. elegans and cell death.

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C. elegans

A nematode worm used for studying cell differentiation and death.

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Nobel Prize 2002

Award shared by Sulston for his research on programmed cell death.

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Human Genome Project

A project from 1990-2003 to map the entire human genome.

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Sanger's Sequencing Method

A method for isolating and sequencing DNA fragments.

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Synthetic insulin

Insulin created through synthetic methods for diabetes treatment, developed after Sanger's protein research.

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DNA sequencing

A method for determining the precise order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.

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Dideoxy chain termination

A technique used by Sanger to sequence DNA, stopping replication at specific points.

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RNA sequencing

The process of determining the sequence of RNA, achieved by Sanger in 1967 using E. coli.

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