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Questions and Answers
What does the word synthesis mean?
What does the word synthesis mean?
The combining of separate parts to make a new whole.
Compare and contrast the processes of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. Be sure to include the role of water in these processes.
Compare and contrast the processes of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. Be sure to include the role of water in these processes.
Dehydration synthesis is the opposite of hydrolysis. Dehydration synthesis starts with 2 monomers and hydrolysis starts with a polymer and water.
What role does dehydration synthesis play in the creation of advanced organic molecules?
What role does dehydration synthesis play in the creation of advanced organic molecules?
Dehydration synthesis creates the polymers.
What are the products of hydrolysis?
What are the products of hydrolysis?
The following is what type of reaction: C2H5OH + C2H6 → C4H10 + H2O?
The following is what type of reaction: C2H5OH + C2H6 → C4H10 + H2O?
Suppose you were stranded on a desert island with no food or water. You are allowed to choose a machine that conducts either dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis for your utilization. Which do you choose and why?
Suppose you were stranded on a desert island with no food or water. You are allowed to choose a machine that conducts either dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis for your utilization. Which do you choose and why?
What does the word lysis mean?
What does the word lysis mean?
Would you use hydrolysis or dehydration synthesis to break a larger molecule into two smaller molecules? Support your answer.
Would you use hydrolysis or dehydration synthesis to break a larger molecule into two smaller molecules? Support your answer.
Polymers can be broken down into two new molecules through what process?
Polymers can be broken down into two new molecules through what process?
What are the reactants in a hydrolysis reaction?
What are the reactants in a hydrolysis reaction?
The following is what type of reaction: C6H14 + H2O → C5H11OH + CH4?
The following is what type of reaction: C6H14 + H2O → C5H11OH + CH4?
What does hydrophobic mean?
What does hydrophobic mean?
When in the presence of water, how does a phospholipid orient itself? What property of water initiates this reaction?
When in the presence of water, how does a phospholipid orient itself? What property of water initiates this reaction?
What relationship exists between phospholipids and cell membranes?
What relationship exists between phospholipids and cell membranes?
Within early cells, what more complex molecules were able to form?
Within early cells, what more complex molecules were able to form?
In baseball terminology, a '5-tool player' is a player who can execute 5 skills extremely well. RNA may be described as a '3-tool' molecule. Explain this comparison and identify the '3 tools.'
In baseball terminology, a '5-tool player' is a player who can execute 5 skills extremely well. RNA may be described as a '3-tool' molecule. Explain this comparison and identify the '3 tools.'
Why is it significant that RNA can accomplish the three specific tasks you identified in the previous question?
Why is it significant that RNA can accomplish the three specific tasks you identified in the previous question?
What does hydrophilic mean?
What does hydrophilic mean?
What characteristic of phospholipids causes them to always orient themselves in the same direction?
What characteristic of phospholipids causes them to always orient themselves in the same direction?
The special alignment of phospholipids in an aqueous environment led to the formation of what?
The special alignment of phospholipids in an aqueous environment led to the formation of what?
Scientists hypothesize that Earth's early atmosphere contained substances such as...
Scientists hypothesize that Earth's early atmosphere contained substances such as...
Which of the following was probably not present in the atmosphere of the primitive Earth?
Which of the following was probably not present in the atmosphere of the primitive Earth?
How did the cooling of Earth influence the presence of liquid water on its surface?
How did the cooling of Earth influence the presence of liquid water on its surface?
A water molecule may be accurately compared to a magnet. Explain the properties that a water molecule and magnet share.
A water molecule may be accurately compared to a magnet. Explain the properties that a water molecule and magnet share.
Draw a water molecule and identify the charges that exist on the molecule.
Draw a water molecule and identify the charges that exist on the molecule.
Compare and contrast cohesion and adhesion.
Compare and contrast cohesion and adhesion.
Study Notes
Synthesis and Reactions
- Synthesis involves combining separate parts to create a new whole, similar to building with legos.
- Dehydration synthesis creates polymers from monomers, while hydrolysis breaks down polymers into monomers using water.
- Reactants of hydrolysis include a polymer and water; its products are two new monomers.
- In dehydration synthesis, a water molecule is produced as larger molecules form.
Phospholipids
- Phospholipids consist of a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and a hydrophobic (water-repelling) tail.
- When exposed to water, phospholipids orient themselves by placing their heads in water and tails away from it, forming a bilayer sheet.
- Phospholipids are essential for building cell membranes, creating a protective barrier.
RNA and Early Cells
- RNA is described as a "3-tool" molecule, performing replication, metabolism, and catalyzation effectively.
- The ability of RNA to perform these tasks may have accelerated the process of evolution.
- Early cells developed more complex molecules known as macromolecules.
Earth's Early Atmosphere
- The primitive Earth's atmosphere likely contained ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, but lacked oxygen.
- The cooling of Earth allowed for the presence of liquid water, as higher temperatures would have caused evaporation.
Water Properties
- Water molecules share similar properties with magnets, having distinct positive and negative sides.
- Cohesion refers to water molecules attracting each other, while adhesion refers to water's attraction to other substances.
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Description
This study guide covers key concepts in biochemistry, focusing on dehydration synthesis, hydrolysis, phospholipids, and RNA. It includes flashcards to help reinforce understanding of these processes, their definitions, and the role of water in biochemical reactions.
