Biochemistry Quiz: Radioactivity and Fatty Acid Metabolism

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Questions and Answers

What is the rate constant k of 222Radon if its half-life is 3.82 days?

0.95 day

1.91 day-1

0.18 day-1 (correct)

0.36 day-1

Which type of detector uses a gas-filled tube to measure ionizing radiation?

Ionisation Chambers

Semiconductor Detectors

Scintillation Counters

Geiger-Müller Counters (correct)

What type of radiation does a scintillator material detect?

Gamma radiation

Beta radiation

Alpha radiation

Ionizing radiation (correct)

What is the process called when a positron is emitted and then annihilates with an electron?

Positron annihilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for beta-plus decay?

XN → YN+1 + β + νe Signup and view all the answers

What type of medical imaging uses gamma-emitting isotopes?

SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of positron annihilation?

Two gamma rays Signup and view all the answers

What is the application of radioactivity in medical imaging?

Diagnostic imaging Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of radioactive decay that involves the emission of a helium nucleus?

Alpha decay Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for the parent isotope in an alpha decay equation?

X Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a neutron transforming into a proton in beta-minus decay?

An electron is emitted Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the amount of mass lost or gained during a radioactive decay reaction?

Mass defect Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of lipid that is broken down through beta-oxidation?

Fatty acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the co-factor involved in the transport of fatty acids during beta-oxidation?

CoA Signup and view all the answers

What is the location where triglyceride synthesis occurs?

Endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical application of radioactivity that involves the use of radioactive isotopes to diagnose and treat diseases?

Nuclear medicine Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind a Geiger counter?

Ionization of gas molecules Signup and view all the answers

What type of radiation is a scintillation counter commonly used to detect?

Alpha, beta, and gamma rays Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an electrode in a Geiger counter?

To collect charged particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a dosimeter?

To monitor personal exposure to radiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the photomultiplier tube (PMT) in a scintillation counter?

To convert light flashes into electrical signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind a scintillation counter?

Fluorescence of phosphors Signup and view all the answers

What is the common application of Geiger counters?

Environmental monitoring and nuclear industry Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical reaction involved in a dosimeter?

Redox reaction of Ag* + Br → Ag + Br Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the change in the atomic number of the daughter nucleus in β- decay?

Decreases by 1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of the energy released in β- decay?

MeV Signup and view all the answers

What is emitted in β+ decay?

Positron and neutrino Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the equation Δm = m(parent) − [m(daughter) + 2me] in β+ decay?

The energy released in β+ decay Signup and view all the answers

What is the process in which electromagnetic radiation is emitted when the nucleus transitions from a high-energy state to a lower energy state?

Gamma decay Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the conversion of a neutron into a proton in β- decay?

An electron and a neutrino are emitted Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the mass of the parent nucleus and the mass of the daughter nucleus in β- decay?

The energy released in β- decay Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of the electron emitted in β- decay?

It is emitted from the nucleus at the time of decay Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of X-rays in the decay process of palladium-103?

They are emitted during the decay process Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of decay exhibited by cesium-137?

Beta-minus decay Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using iodine-131 in thyroid treatment?

To destroy overactive thyroid tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the daughter isotope produced in the decay of palladium-103?

Rhodium-103 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of technetium-99m in nuclear medicine?

To diagnose and track the progression of diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of radiation emitted during the decay of cesium-137?

Beta radiation and gamma rays Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using radioactive isotopes in brachytherapy?

To treat cancer cells by directing radiation at them Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the neutrino emitted during the decay of palladium-103?

To carry away energy from the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Radioactivity

Main types of radioactive decay:
Alpha decay: emission of an alpha particle (2 protons and 2 neutrons, identical to a helium nucleus)
Beta-minus decay: emission of a beta particle (electron) and an antineutrino
Beta-plus decay: emission of a positron (beta-plus particle) and a neutrino
Gamma decay: emission of electromagnetic radiation (gamma rays)

Units of Radioactivity

Not mentioned in the provided text

Methods for Determining Half-Life

Not mentioned in the provided text

Methods for Detecting Radiation

Geiger-Müller Counters:
- Measure ionizing radiation using a gas-filled tube
- Ionizing radiation creates a current, which is converted into an audible click
Scintillation Counters:
- Use a scintillator material that fluoresces when hit by radiation
- Measure the light produced, which is proportional to the intensity of the radiation
Semiconductor Detectors:
- Use semiconductor materials to measure the charge produced when radiation interacts with the material
Ionisation Chambers:
- Measure the ionizing radiation by detecting the charge produced in a gas-filled chamber

Clinical Applications of Radioactivity

Medical Imaging:
- PET (Positron Emission Tomography): uses positron-emitting isotopes to create detailed images of biological processes
- SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography): uses gamma-emitting isotopes for similar imaging as PET
Radioactive Tracers:
- Used in nuclear medicine to diagnose and track the progression of diseases
- Example: Technetium-99m used in bone scans
Thyroid Treatment:
- Iodine-131 is used to treat thyroid disorders by destroying overactive thyroid tissue

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Not mentioned in the provided text

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Description

Test your understanding of radioactive decay, units of radioactivity, and its clinical applications, as well as fatty acid metabolism, beta-oxidation, and triglyceride synthesis.