Biochemistry Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What serves as an alternative fuel source for the brain after several days of fasting?

  • Glucose
  • Fructose
  • Eicosanoids
  • Ketone bodies (correct)

Which amino acid is most likely to be found on the surface of a globular protein, exposed to the aqueous environment of a cell?

  • Asparagine (correct)
  • Tryptophan
  • Valine
  • Isoleucine

To which amino acid can a phosphate group be added to generate a phosphoprotein?

  • Tyrosine (correct)
  • Alanine
  • Glutamine
  • Proline

Which type of nitrogenous base is a purine?

<p>Adenine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of microscope is best suited to visualize the intracellular organization of a cell structure 40nm in size?

<p>Transmission electron microscope (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of structure is best visualized by the dye used to stain the provided image?

<p>Mucus and glycogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The popliteal artery is a direct continuation of which vessel?

<p>Femoral artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What vessels form the venous angle?

<p>Subclavian and internal jugular veins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ does the internal iliac vein drain?

<p>Uterus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the renal veins is false?

<p>The left renal vein is shorter than the right one (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organ does the portal vein carry nutrients to?

<p>Liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What vessels do the superior and inferior venae cavae anastomose via?

<p>Azygos vein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cells that have cytoplasmic regions of both basophilia and intense eosinophilia, and highly euchromatic nuclei with prominent nucleoli?

<p>Protein secretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis and is characterized by the presence of ribosomes attached to its surface?

<p>Rough ER (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of protein vesicles?

<p>Protein secretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cytoskeletal fiber should be present in a finger-like process of the cytoplasm to perform its function?

<p>Actin filaments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are more likely to be involved in protein secretion?

<p>Cells with basophilic and eosinophilic regions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely function of cells in a cancerous tumor that are secreting high amounts of proteins into the surrounding tissue?

<p>Protein secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would you most likely observe in the cytoplasm of cancerous cells that are highly secretory?

<p>Vacuolated cytoplasm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the histopathological study of the miscarriage, which cellular fibers are most likely affected?

<p>Microfilaments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the TEM of the nucleus, which labeled region is most likely to contain actively transcribing DNA?

<p>Euchromatin region (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would you expect to observe in the pancreatic secretory cells from a patient with digestive and metabolic symptoms?

<p>Vacuolation of the cytoplasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely reason for the patient's metabolic symptoms in the pancreatic secretory cell biopsy?

<p>Defective protein secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of the miscarriage in the 28-year-old female?

<p>Genetic defect in the cytoskeleton (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely direction of the spread of bacterial infection in the urinary system?

<p>Urethra to bladder to ureters to kidneys (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is at risk of injury due to the fracture indicated in the medical image?

<p>Proximal part of left ureter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medical image correlates with the organs seen in the autopsy?

<p>Image 2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tube described in the statement?

<p>To transport urine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is located inferior to the organ that temporarily stores urine?

<p>Urethra (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal course of the tube described in the statement?

<p>It curves along its length (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What fuel source does the brain use during fasting?

Ketone bodies are an alternative fuel source used by the brain during prolonged fasting.

What amino acid is common on protein surfaces?

Asparagine is a polar amino acid with an amide side chain that makes it hydrophilic, making it suitable for interactions with the aqueous environment of a cell.

Which amino acid is phosphorylated to form a phosphoprotein?

Tyrosine's hydroxyl group provides a site for phosphorylation, creating a phosphoprotein.

What type of base is adenine?

Purines are nitrogenous bases with a double-ring structure.

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Which microscope is best for visualizing a 40nm structure?

A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to visualize internal cell structures at high resolution.

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What structures are stained by this dye?

The dye stains mucus and glycogen, which are carbohydrate-rich materials found in cells.

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What vessel does the popliteal artery continue from?

The popliteal artery is a continuation of the femoral artery, which is the main artery supplying the leg.

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What vessels form the venous angle?

The subclavian vein and internal jugular vein join to form the venous angle, a point of convergence for blood from the head and upper limbs.

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What organ does the internal iliac vein drain?

The internal iliac vein drains blood from the pelvic region, including the uterus.

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Which statement about renal veins is false?

The left renal vein is actually longer than the right renal vein, as it passes behind the aorta.

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What organ does the portal vein deliver nutrients to?

The portal vein carries nutrients absorbed from the intestines to the liver for processing and storage.

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What vessels do the venae cavae anastomose via?

The superior and inferior vena cavae connect indirectly via the azygos vein, a vein that runs along the spine.

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What's the function of cells with basophilia, eosinophilia, and euchromatic nuclei?

Cells with basophilic and eosinophilic regions and euchromatic nuclei synthesize and secrete proteins.

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Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) has ribosomes attached to its surface, making it responsible for protein synthesis.

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What is the function of protein vesicles?

Protein vesicles transport proteins from the ER to other parts of the cell or to the cell membrane for secretion.

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What cytoskeletal fibers are responsible for cell movement?

Actin filaments are thin, flexible fibers found in finger-like projections of the cytoplasm, helping cells move and change shape.

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Which cells are likely involved in protein secretion?

Cells with basophilic and eosinophilic regions are likely involved in protein secretion because these regions indicate active protein synthesis.

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What's the likely function of highly secretory cancer cells?

Cancerous cells secreting proteins likely have a function of supplying the surrounding tissue with proteins, which may contribute to tumor growth.

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What is observed in the cytoplasm of highly secretory cancer cells?

Cancerous cells that are highly secretory often display vacuolated cytoplasm, indicating the presence of numerous protein vesicles.

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Which cellular fibers are likely affected in a miscarriage?

Microfilaments, part of the cytoskeleton, are essential for cell division and development. They are likely affected in a miscarriage.

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Which region of the nucleus contains actively transcribed DNA?

Euchromatin, a less tightly packed form of DNA, is found in regions where genes are actively transcribed.

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What observation suggests defective protein secretion in pancreatic cells?

Vacuolation in the cytoplasm of pancreatic secretory cells suggests a defect in protein packaging and secretion, disrupting digestion and metabolism.

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What is the most likely reason for metabolic symptoms in pancreatic secretory cells?

The observed vacuolation in the pancreatic secretory cells suggests that the patient's metabolic symptoms are caused by a lack of proper protein secretion, leading to digestive and metabolic imbalances.

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What is the most likely cause of the miscarriage?

The miscarriage could be caused by a genetic defect affecting the cytoskeleton, impacting cell division and development.

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What is the direction of bacterial infection in the urinary system?

Bacterial infections in the urinary system usually ascend from the urethra to the bladder, then to the ureters and kidneys.

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What structure is at risk due to the fracture?

The proximal part of the left ureter is located near the fracture site, making it vulnerable to injury.

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Which image matches the autopsy findings?

Image 2 correlates with the organs seen in the autopsy, depicting the anatomical arrangement of the organs.

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What's the function of the described tube?

The tube described in the statement is the ureter, which transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

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Which organ is below the urine storage organ?

The urethra, the tube that carries urine out of the body, is located inferior to the bladder, which temporarily stores urine.

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What is the normal course of the described tube?

The ureter normally curves along its length as it descends from the kidneys to the bladder.

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