Biochemistry Overview Quiz

<p>Equilibrium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liquid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonpolar covalent bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A molecule with both polar and nonpolar regions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maximize interaction with water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the interior, shielded from water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because water molecules form strong hydrogen bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To measure the volume of a solution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A specific number of particles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solute (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polar covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms of different electronegativity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polar covalent bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attraction between the positively charged region of one water molecule and the negatively charged region of another (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water is highly stable as a liquid due to its strong hydrogen bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows water to absorb and release large amounts of heat without significant temperature changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hydrogen ion concentration decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inversely proportional: as pH increases, hydrogen ion concentration decreases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reacts slowly with water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain a constant pH. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hydrogen ion concentration increases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Logarithmic: a one-unit change in pH represents a ten-fold change in hydrogen ion concentration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acidic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2.6 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Buffers resist changes in pH by adding or removing hydrogen ions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pH decreases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pH = -log[H+] (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in pH alter the shape and functionality of biological molecules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases, causing pH to decrease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It partially dissociates in water, releasing only some of its hydrogen ions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By releasing hydrogen ions into the solution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pH increases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a visual and interactive way to explore the concept of pH. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The acidity or alkalinity of a solution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases, causing pH to increase. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Buffers are able to maintain a relatively stable pH, while acids and bases can cause significant pH changes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Buffers are crucial for maintaining the optimal pH required for biological processes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide students with opportunities to build their understanding of scientific methods and concepts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen ions are responsible for the acidity of a solution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pH is a critical factor that significantly influences the function of biological molecules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lack polar bonds and therefore do not interact well with water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are composed of bonds between atoms with similar electronegativities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are nonpolar and interact poorly with polar water molecules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are always composed of identical monomers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is removed as a byproduct when monomers are joined together. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A small molecule that can be joined to other monomers to form a polymer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dehydration synthesis builds polymers, while hydrolysis breaks them down. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes speed up the rate of reactions without being consumed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sequence of amino acids in the enzyme. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow them to interact specifically with certain substrates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active site (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes decrease the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monosaccharides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serving as the primary source of energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A large molecule made of many repeating units (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monosaccharides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monosaccharides are formed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cannot be broken down by human enzymes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of multiple carbon atoms linked together (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon forms strong, stable bonds with many different elements, including hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrocarbons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydroxyl group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrophobicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The polar bonds allow the molecule to interact with water molecules through hydrogen bonding. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of atoms that has a specific chemical property and contributes to the overall function of a molecule. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon and hydrogen have similar electronegativity values, resulting in an equal share of electrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are nonpolar and cannot form strong interactions with polar water molecules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It makes the molecule more likely to interact with water molecules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alkyl group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon has four valence electrons that can participate in covalent bonding. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Functional groups contribute specific chemical properties to a molecule, influencing its interactions and function. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon-nitrogen (A), Carbon-oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contribute specific chemical properties that influence how molecules behave, participate in interactions, and ultimately determine their functions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lack any electrical charge, preventing interaction with water molecules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covalent bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aqueous solution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are typically nonpolar. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionic interactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows water to interact with charged and polar molecules, facilitating biological processes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water-repelling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are able to interact with both charged and polar molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water molecules are polar. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because it is a major component of cells and plays a role in many biological processes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonpolar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They enable water molecules to interact with and dissolve charged and polar molecules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its polarity allows it to interact with a wide variety of molecules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The weak hydrogen bonds between water molecules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acting as a catalyst for metabolic reactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oil molecules are nonpolar and do not have partial charges. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of covalent bonds within water molecules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen atoms are more electronegative than hydrogen atoms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions are equal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concentration of hydrogen ions increases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It releases hydrogen ions (H+) into a solution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adhesion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide the structural support needed for many biological processes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The movement of water up a tree trunk. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability of water to moderate temperature fluctuations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The formation of water droplets on a leaf. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changing the temperature of liquid water by a few degrees. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water molecules are held together by strong ionic bonds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A process where reactants are transformed into products.

The starting materials in a chemical reaction.

The substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

Proteins that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.

A state where the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.

The most abundant molecule in cells and essential for life.

A transformation that alters the chemical properties of a substance.

Chemical reactions occurring within living cells.

Molecules primarily composed of nonpolar covalent bonds, sharing electrons evenly.

Bonds where electrons are shared equally, resulting in no charge separation.

Common nonpolar covalent bonds include carbon to carbon and carbon to hydrogen.

Lipids are major examples of nonpolar molecules predominantly made of carbon and hydrogen.

Molecules that have both hydrophobic (nonpolar) and hydrophilic (polar) parts.

A spherical structure formed by amphipathic molecules in water, with hydrophobic parts inward.

A double-layered structure formed by amphipathic molecules, essential in cell membranes.

Hydrophobic materials repel water while hydrophilic materials attract or interact with water.

Molecules behave differently in water, depending on their polarity and charge.

A unit of measurement to express amounts of a chemical substance, equal to Avogadro's number.

Refers to the amount of solute in a given volume of solvent, significant for varying particle sizes.

Water exists as solid, liquid, or gas, depending on temperature and pressure conditions.

Liquid water is stable and requires significant energy to change states.

Comparatively high energy is required to change water's state or temperature.

Dashed lines in diagrams represent hydrogen bonds between water molecules, indicating attraction.

Water makes up to 95% of plant weight and is essential for life.

A mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent.

The dissolved materials in a solution, such as salts or sugars.

The liquid in which substances are dissolved, commonly water.

A solution where water is the solvent.

Substances that can interact with and dissolve in water.

Substances that do not interact with or dissolve in water.

A type of bond where electrons are shared unequally, leading to partial charges.

The tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself.

Charges that are less than full charges, found in polar molecules like water.

The attraction between charged ions and polar molecules like water.

Cations are positively charged ions; anions are negatively charged ions.

The process where a solute is separated into individual molecules/ions in a solvent.

The positive or negative properties of particles that attract or repel each other.

Chemical reactions that break down large molecules by adding water.

Nutrients that are rich in calories and provide energy, composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

The smallest unit of a carbohydrate, known as a monosaccharide.

A simple sugar, such as glucose or fructose, that functions as a monomer for carbohydrates.

A complex carbohydrate made of long chains of monosaccharides (like starch or cellulose).

The arrangement and types of atoms in monosaccharides, crucial for their function in nutrition.

Carbohydrates primarily serve as energy sources and provide structural support in organisms.

Carbohydrates are key nutrients commonly found in foods like rice, pasta, and sweets that provide energy.

An acid that only partially dissociates in solution, releasing fewer hydrogen ions.

An acid that fully dissociates in solution, releasing many hydrogen ions.

A positively charged ion formed when an acid donates a hydrogen atom.

A substance that reduces hydrogen ion concentration in a solution, often by accepting H+ ions.

A logarithmic scale that measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14.

A pH value of 7, indicating a balance of hydrogen and hydroxide ions in pure water.

The amount of hydrogen ions in a solution, critically influences pH.

As hydrogen ion concentration increases, pH decreases, and vice versa.

A scale where each step represents a tenfold change in value.

Chemicals that minimize pH fluctuations in a solution, promoting stability.

The regulation and maintenance of a stable internal environment within an organism.

Biological processes that maintain appropriate pH levels in body fluids.

An imbalance in pH levels that may threaten homeostasis and cellular function.

A term often used to describe a basic solution, having a pH greater than 7.

A negatively charged ion that can increase in concentration in basic solutions.

A weak bond between a partial positive hydrogen and a partial negative atom (like oxygen).

Water requires a lot of energy to change its temperature.

Water provides rigidity and support in plant cells.

The attraction between water molecules that makes them stick together.

The attraction between water molecules and other surfaces.

The elastic force at the surface of water due to cohesion.

Cooling effect that occurs when liquid water turns to gas.

Substances that do not interact with water (like oils).

Water molecules can split into hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-).

Substances that increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in water.

Water is involved in building and breaking down materials in cells.

The amount of hydrogen and hydroxide ions in a solution.

A scale used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution, based on hydrogen ion concentration.

Occurs when hydrogen ion concentration rises, lowering the pH.

Negatively charged ions (OH-) that can neutralize hydrogen ions.

The property of maintaining consistent pH and preventing fluctuation.

Sudden changes in the acidity or basicity of a solution, which can be harmful.

Negative impact on cells caused by unstable pH levels.

The process where water molecules split into hydrogen and hydroxide ions.

The scale for measuring acidity, from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic).

A tool for calculating pH based on hydrogen ion concentration.

Chemical systems that help maintain stable pH by absorbing excess H+ or OH-.

Direct relationship where hydrogen concentration determines the pH level.

Molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.

A large molecule made up of many identical or similar monomers connected together.

A chemical reaction that breaks down molecules by adding water.

Specific groups of atoms within molecules that determine their chemical properties.

The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent, like water.

When atoms in a bond share electrons equally due to comparable electronegativity values.

The process of separating bonds between atoms in a molecule, often releasing energy.

The process of forming larger molecules from smaller monomers, often using energy.

Forces holding atoms together in a molecule, including covalent and ionic bonds.

The essential building block of organic molecules, forming the backbone of structures.

Bonds formed when two atoms share electrons, allowing for molecule stability.

Electrons in the outer shell of an atom that participate in bonding.

A functional group consisting of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (–OH).

Bonds where electrons are shared equally, resulting in no charge difference.

Large biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Atoms that share electrons to form covalent bonds, like carbon with other elements.

Essential molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, DNA, and RNA that make up living organisms.