Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is attached to the other side of the phosphate in phospholipids?
What is attached to the other side of the phosphate in phospholipids?
What is the structure similar to in glycerophospholipids?
What is the structure similar to in glycerophospholipids?
What does 'phosphotidyl-' refer to in glycerophospholipids?
What does 'phosphotidyl-' refer to in glycerophospholipids?
What are steroids derived from?
What are steroids derived from?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of cholesterol in steroid synthesis?
What is the role of cholesterol in steroid synthesis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of lipoproteins in the blood?
What is the function of lipoproteins in the blood?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of lipoproteins transport triglycerides from the digestive tract?
What type of lipoproteins transport triglycerides from the digestive tract?
Signup and view all the answers
What is transported by LDLs?
What is transported by LDLs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of triglycerides in mammals?
What is the primary function of triglycerides in mammals?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the risk indicator associated with high triglyceride levels in the blood?
What is the risk indicator associated with high triglyceride levels in the blood?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the composition of a triglyceride molecule?
What is the composition of a triglyceride molecule?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name of the alcohol with three hydroxyl groups that reacts with fatty acids to form esters?
What is the name of the alcohol with three hydroxyl groups that reacts with fatty acids to form esters?
Signup and view all the answers
How many fatty acid residues can react with the hydroxyl groups of glycerol to form esters?
How many fatty acid residues can react with the hydroxyl groups of glycerol to form esters?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic of triglycerides made from unsaturated fatty acids?
What is the characteristic of triglycerides made from unsaturated fatty acids?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of fatty acids are typically found in triglycerides from animals?
What type of fatty acids are typically found in triglycerides from animals?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used to describe triglycerides that are solids at room temperature?
What is the term used to describe triglycerides that are solids at room temperature?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of fatty acids do triglycerides from plants tend to have a higher proportion of?
What type of fatty acids do triglycerides from plants tend to have a higher proportion of?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the result of total hydrogenation of triglycerides?
What is the result of total hydrogenation of triglycerides?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential health risk associated with trans fats?
What is a potential health risk associated with trans fats?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the difference between a cis and trans unsaturated fat?
What is the difference between a cis and trans unsaturated fat?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of phospholipids have a structure similar to triglycerides?
What type of phospholipids have a structure similar to triglycerides?
Signup and view all the answers
How many types of phospholipids are there?
How many types of phospholipids are there?
Signup and view all the answers
What is replaced with a phosphate in Glycerophospholipids?
What is replaced with a phosphate in Glycerophospholipids?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the 'good cholesterol' in the blood?
What is the term for the 'good cholesterol' in the blood?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Triglycerides
- Triglycerides are a storage form of fatty acids in mammals.
- High triglyceride levels in the blood are a risk indicator for artherosclerosis.
- Triglycerides are a combination of three fatty acid molecules with a glycerol molecule.
- Glycerol is an alcohol with three hydroxyl groups, and three fatty acids can react with the hydroxyl groups to form three esters.
- For triglycerides, all three hydroxyls of the glycerol have a fatty acid residue attached to it.
- Triglycerides made from unsaturated fatty acids have lower melting points than those made from saturated fatty acids.
- Triglycerides from animals tend to have a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids, and are solids at room temperature (e.g. butter, lard, and bacon grease).
- Triglycerides from plants tend to have a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, and are liquids at room temperature (e.g. corn oil, canola oil, peanut oil, and olive oil).
Hydrogenation of Triglycerides
- Hydrogenation of triglycerides can produce trans fats, which lower HDL ("Good cholesterol") levels.
- Total hydrogenation turns liquids into solids.
- Partial hydrogenation can produce trans fats.
Saturated vs Unsaturated Fats
- Saturated fats have no cis double bonds.
- Trans unsaturated fats have a trans configuration, lowering HDL levels.
- Cis unsaturated fats have a cis configuration.
Phospholipids and Glycolipids
- Phospholipids have two types: Glycerophospholipids and Sphingolipids.
- Glycerophospholipids have a structure similar to triglycerides, with one of the fatty acids replaced with a phosphate.
- The phosphate group is usually attached to an additional alcohol.
Steroids
- Steroids are a type of lipid that is not derived from a fatty acid.
- Steroids are based on a system of five cycloalkane rings that are fused together.
- Cholesterol is the steroid that is used as the starting point for the synthesis of other steroids.
Lipoproteins
- Lipoproteins are used to transport water-insoluble lipids such as triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol in the blood.
- Lipoproteins contain lipids and proteins.
- Examples include Chylomicrons, which transport primarily triglycerides from the digestive tract, and LDLs (low density lipoproteins), which transport cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids from the liver to other tissues.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the basics of triglycerides, their role in storing fatty acids in mammals, and their relationship to health risks like artherosclerosis.
