Biochemistry of Gonadal Hormones

<p>Primary oocyte (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 million (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete LH and FSH. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10-20 of them begin to develop. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theca interna (C), Theca externa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hCG stimulates the development of the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mucus is thinner and more alkaline in the follicular phase, aiding sperm motility. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FSH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of male secondary sex characteristics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Estradiol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased levels of LH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Testosterone is produced in the Leydig cells of the testes and stimulated by LH. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suppresses the expression of aromatase, resulting in testosterone production instead of estrogen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progesterone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They begin to produce progesterone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Produce estradiol and progesterone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They decrease gradually (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nurturing developing spermatozoa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintenance of spermatogenesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulation of Sertoli cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulate the pituitary gland to release LH and FSH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibits the release of FSH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cannot convert testosterone to DHT (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spermatogonia are present at birth, but their development stalls until puberty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antrum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cumulus oophorus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It proliferates and develops into the corpus luteum. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Follicular phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It degenerates and becomes the corpus albicans. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both progesterone and estradiol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Steroid hormones are produced by the pituitary gland. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintain the corpus luteum during pregnancy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibit the release of FSH and LH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LH stimulates theca cells to produce androgens, which are then converted to estradiol by granulosa cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feedback mechanisms are always initiated by a change in the level of a hormone. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A mature ovarian follicle containing the ovum supported by cumulus oophorus in the antrum.

The structure formed from the ruptured graafian follicle, producing hormones in the luteal phase.

The ovarian cycle consists of two main phases: follicular phase and luteal phase, driven by hormone changes.

Scar tissue replacing the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur, known as the 'white body'.

The release of the ovum from the graafian follicle around day 14 of the ovarian cycle.

Hormones derived from cholesterol involved in various body functions, especially reproduction.

Hormones produced by the gonads (ovaries and testes) that regulate sexual development and reproduction.

A peptide hormone that initiates puberty by stimulating GnRH secretion from the hypothalamus.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone that triggers LH and FSH release from the anterior pituitary.

Luteinizing hormone and Follicle-stimulating hormone that regulate gonadal function.

The series of events in the ovaries that lead to the maturation of eggs and the menstrual cycle.

Immature ovarian structures that contain primary oocytes, present at birth and develop during the menstrual cycle.

The hormones involved in regulating the menstrual cycle, including estrogen, progesterone, LH, and FSH.

Converts androgens to estrogens in granulosa cells.

Do not have LH receptors and don't convert cholesterol to pregnenolone.

FSH stimulates follicle development and granulosa cell increase.

Trigger ovulation and development of LH receptors in granulosa cells.

Produces progesterone and estradiol after ovulation under LH stimulation.

Leads to degeneration of corpus luteum and drop in steroid hormones.

Estradiol promotes repair and proliferation of uterine endometrium.

Depends on progesterone from corpus luteum; lack causes endometrium to slough off.

A process where one hormone regulates another hormone's level.

Hormones like FSH and LH that stimulate reproductive functions.

Hormone from hypothalamus that stimulates pituitary gonadotrophin release.

Produced by the pituitary; stimulates ovary for steroid and follicle maturation.

Pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation and maintains the corpus luteum.

Produced by the placenta; maintains corpus luteum during pregnancy.

A form of estrogen; inhibits LH and FSH release and supports follicle maturation.

Hormone produced by corpus luteum; prepares the endometrium for implantation.

Development of Wolffian duct into male reproductive structures.

Process of sperm production from spermatogonia, occurring in testes.

Cells in testes providing nutrients and support for developing sperm.

Kisspeptin stimulates GnRH, triggering LH and FSH release.

Stimulates Sertoli cells for initiation of spermatogenesis.

Stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone.

Mature male characteristics: aggression, libido, and body hair.

Inherited condition leading to ambiguous genitalia due to DHT lack.

Cervical mucus becomes less viscous and higher pH during the follicular phase, promoting sperm survival; more viscous and lower pH during the luteal phase, blocking sperm entry.

Estrogens cause widening of the pelvis, breast development, maturation of genitalia, female pattern pubic hair, and subcutaneous fat deposition.

Testosterone is produced in the Leydig cells of the testes under LH stimulation, primarily through a specific steroid synthesis pathway.

The presence of Sry gene in male embryos suppresses estrogen production and leads to testosterone-driven male development.