Biochemistry of Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the ECM in blood vessels, lungs, and skin?

  • To protect the organs from damage
  • To facilitate the diffusion of nutrients and oxygen
  • To provide structural support
  • To provide elasticity (correct)

What is the most abundant fibrous protein in the human body, making up more than 25% of its proteins?

  • Elastin
  • Fibrillin
  • Fibronectin
  • Collagen (correct)

What is the characteristic of the amino acid sequence in collagen?

  • Non-repetitive and irregular
  • Repetitive and irregular
  • Non-repetitive and regular
  • Repetitive and regular (correct)

What is the role of hydroxyproline in collagen?

<p>Participates in the formation of H-bonds between α-chains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ECM in maintaining tissue organization?

<p>To keep cells, large molecules, and microorganisms from moving to other locations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the collagen triple helix?

<p>A right-handed helix with a tight structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ECM in the context of tissue development?

<p>To provide a framework for tissue organization and development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ECM in the development of certain diseases?

<p>It contributes to the progression of diseases such as arthritis and cancer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the composition of the ECM in different tissues?

<p>It varies in different tissues depending on their functions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ECM in the context of tissue repair?

<p>To provide a scaffold for tissue repair and regeneration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which MMPs release bound growth factors from the ECM?

<p>Proteolytic degradation of the ECM, releasing the bound growth factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of MMP regulation?

<p>Stimulation by growth factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of dysregulation of MMP activity in the ECM?

<p>Facilitation of certain clinical disorders, such as cancer and atherosclerosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of TIMPs in the ECM?

<p>To inhibit MMPs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a requirement for appropriate growth and cell movement?

<p>Coordinated expression of MMPs and TIMPs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of MMPs in cancer cell metastasis?

<p>To promote ECM degradation, facilitating cancer cell migration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do MMPs contribute to tissue growth and development?

<p>By degrading the ECM, releasing bound growth factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of excessive MMP activity in the ECM?

<p>Excessive ECM degradation and tissue destruction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of α2-macroglobulin in the ECM?

<p>To inhibit MMPs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the extracellular matrix?

<p>To attract and retain water, contributing to tissue turgor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is coordinated expression of MMPs and TIMPs necessary for tissue growth and development?

<p>To regulate ECM remodeling and promote tissue homeostasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proteoglycan is a known autoantigen in rheumatoid arthritis?

<p>Aggrecan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) regulate ECM proteins?

<p>By cleaving ECM proteins to regulate their activity and half-life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hyaluronic acid in tumor cell migration?

<p>It enhances cell migration by interacting with CD44 receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is involved in the degradation of aggrecan in osteoarthritis?

<p>Aggrecanase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of proteoglycans in the ECM?

<p>They influence ECM structure and function, and are involved in cell behavior and tissue development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of defects in GAG degradation?

<p>Mucopolysaccharidoses, which are chronic and progressive disorders affecting multiple organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of MMPs in ECM remodeling and degradation?

<p>They cleave ECM proteins to regulate their activity and half-life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of hyaluronic acid?

<p>It is a non-sulfated GAG (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of proteoglycans in aging and disease?

<p>They are involved in the development of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between collagen and elastin?

<p>Structure and function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lysyl oxidase in collagen synthesis?

<p>Cross-linking of tropocollagen molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of collagen?

<p>Involved in cell signaling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of defects in collagen biosynthesis?

<p>Osteogenesis imperfecta and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fibronectin in the ECM?

<p>Interacts with collagen and proteoglycans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of integrins in the ECM?

<p>Involved in cell signaling and adhesion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the glomerular basement membrane?

<p>Laminin, type IV collagen, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the ECM?

<p>Attract water and contribute to tissue turgor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of defects in GAG degradation?

<p>Mucopolysaccharidoses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the ECM?

<p>Cleaves all ECM proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the ECM in protecting organs?

<p>Keeping cells, large molecules and microorganisms from moving to other locations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the repetitive amino acid sequence in collagen?

<p>High content of glycine and hydroxyproline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of pyrrolidone rings in collagen?

<p>Permitting sharp twisting and conferring rigidity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the triple helix structure of collagen?

<p>Right-handed superhelix (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hydroxylysine in collagen?

<p>Site of O-glycosidic linkages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the nonfibrous ground substance in ECM?

<p>Proteoglycans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the α-chains in collagen?

<p>Having ~1000 amino acids and forming a left-handed helix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ECM in tissues?

<p>Having varying composition and functions depending on the tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the collagen molecule?

<p>Rod-like molecule with a MW of 300kDa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the superhelical cable in collagen?

<p>Stronger than steel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of MMPs degrading the ECM?

<p>Release of bound growth factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of coordinated expression of MMPs and TIMPs?

<p>To facilitate appropriate growth and cell movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of dysregulation of MMP activity?

<p>Development of certain diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for cell movement within the ECM?

<p>Remodeling of the ECM components (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cancer cells use MMPs?

<p>To spread throughout the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of α2-macroglobulin in the regulation of MMPs?

<p>Inhibits MMPs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of MMPs in tissue growth and development?

<p>To release bound growth factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of unregulated MMP activity?

<p>Development of certain diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do TIMPs regulate MMPs?

<p>By inhibiting MMPs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of ECM remodeling by MMPs?

<p>Release of bound growth factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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