Biochemistry of Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the ECM in blood vessels, lungs, and skin?

  • To protect the organs from damage
  • To facilitate the diffusion of nutrients and oxygen
  • To provide structural support
  • To provide elasticity (correct)

    • What is the most abundant fibrous protein in the human body, making up more than 25% of its proteins?

  • Elastin
  • Fibrillin
  • Fibronectin
  • Collagen (correct)

    • What is the characteristic of the amino acid sequence in collagen?

  • Non-repetitive and irregular
  • Repetitive and irregular
  • Non-repetitive and regular
  • Repetitive and regular (correct)

    • What is the role of hydroxyproline in collagen?

    <p>Participates in the formation of H-bonds between α-chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ECM in maintaining tissue organization?

    <p>To keep cells, large molecules, and microorganisms from moving to other locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the collagen triple helix?

    <p>A right-handed helix with a tight structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ECM in the context of tissue development?

    <p>To provide a framework for tissue organization and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ECM in the development of certain diseases?

    <p>It contributes to the progression of diseases such as arthritis and cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the composition of the ECM in different tissues?

    <p>It varies in different tissues depending on their functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ECM in the context of tissue repair?

    <p>To provide a scaffold for tissue repair and regeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which MMPs release bound growth factors from the ECM?

    <p>Proteolytic degradation of the ECM, releasing the bound growth factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of MMP regulation?

    <p>Stimulation by growth factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of dysregulation of MMP activity in the ECM?

    <p>Facilitation of certain clinical disorders, such as cancer and atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of TIMPs in the ECM?

    <p>To inhibit MMPs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a requirement for appropriate growth and cell movement?

    <p>Coordinated expression of MMPs and TIMPs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of MMPs in cancer cell metastasis?

    <p>To promote ECM degradation, facilitating cancer cell migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do MMPs contribute to tissue growth and development?

    <p>By degrading the ECM, releasing bound growth factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of excessive MMP activity in the ECM?

    <p>Excessive ECM degradation and tissue destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of α2-macroglobulin in the ECM?

    <p>To inhibit MMPs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>To attract and retain water, contributing to tissue turgor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is coordinated expression of MMPs and TIMPs necessary for tissue growth and development?

    <p>To regulate ECM remodeling and promote tissue homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteoglycan is a known autoantigen in rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Aggrecan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) regulate ECM proteins?

    <p>By cleaving ECM proteins to regulate their activity and half-life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of hyaluronic acid in tumor cell migration?

    <p>It enhances cell migration by interacting with CD44 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is involved in the degradation of aggrecan in osteoarthritis?

    <p>Aggrecanase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of proteoglycans in the ECM?

    <p>They influence ECM structure and function, and are involved in cell behavior and tissue development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of defects in GAG degradation?

    <p>Mucopolysaccharidoses, which are chronic and progressive disorders affecting multiple organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of MMPs in ECM remodeling and degradation?

    <p>They cleave ECM proteins to regulate their activity and half-life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of hyaluronic acid?

    <p>It is a non-sulfated GAG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of proteoglycans in aging and disease?

    <p>They are involved in the development of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between collagen and elastin?

    <p>Structure and function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lysyl oxidase in collagen synthesis?

    <p>Cross-linking of tropocollagen molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of collagen?

    <p>Involved in cell signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of defects in collagen biosynthesis?

    <p>Osteogenesis imperfecta and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of fibronectin in the ECM?

    <p>Interacts with collagen and proteoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of integrins in the ECM?

    <p>Involved in cell signaling and adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the glomerular basement membrane?

    <p>Laminin, type IV collagen, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the ECM?

    <p>Attract water and contribute to tissue turgor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of defects in GAG degradation?

    <p>Mucopolysaccharidoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the ECM?

    <p>Cleaves all ECM proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the ECM in protecting organs?

    <p>Keeping cells, large molecules and microorganisms from moving to other locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the repetitive amino acid sequence in collagen?

    <p>High content of glycine and hydroxyproline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pyrrolidone rings in collagen?

    <p>Permitting sharp twisting and conferring rigidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the triple helix structure of collagen?

    <p>Right-handed superhelix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of hydroxylysine in collagen?

    <p>Site of O-glycosidic linkages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the nonfibrous ground substance in ECM?

    <p>Proteoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the α-chains in collagen?

    <p>Having ~1000 amino acids and forming a left-handed helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the ECM in tissues?

    <p>Having varying composition and functions depending on the tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the collagen molecule?

    <p>Rod-like molecule with a MW of 300kDa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the superhelical cable in collagen?

    <p>Stronger than steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of MMPs degrading the ECM?

    <p>Release of bound growth factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of coordinated expression of MMPs and TIMPs?

    <p>To facilitate appropriate growth and cell movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of dysregulation of MMP activity?

    <p>Development of certain diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for cell movement within the ECM?

    <p>Remodeling of the ECM components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cancer cells use MMPs?

    <p>To spread throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of α2-macroglobulin in the regulation of MMPs?

    <p>Inhibits MMPs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of MMPs in tissue growth and development?

    <p>To release bound growth factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of unregulated MMP activity?

    <p>Development of certain diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do TIMPs regulate MMPs?

    <p>By inhibiting MMPs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of ECM remodeling by MMPs?

    <p>Release of bound growth factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

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