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Questions and Answers
What was the central role described by Lipmann in 1940?
What was the central role described by Lipmann in 1940?
Which of the following carbohydrates is primarily responsible for storage in plants?
Which of the following carbohydrates is primarily responsible for storage in plants?
Which discovery in 1953 significantly advanced the understanding of nucleic acids?
Which discovery in 1953 significantly advanced the understanding of nucleic acids?
Which compounds do carbohydrates include as defined by their chemical structure?
Which compounds do carbohydrates include as defined by their chemical structure?
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What process led to the emergence of genetic engineering in the 1980s?
What process led to the emergence of genetic engineering in the 1980s?
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What significant achievement in biochemistry occurred in 1828?
What significant achievement in biochemistry occurred in 1828?
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Who introduced the term 'biochemistry' in 1903?
Who introduced the term 'biochemistry' in 1903?
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Which scientist is known for the work on fermentations and the importance of enzymes?
Which scientist is known for the work on fermentations and the importance of enzymes?
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What major advancement in enzyme research occurred in 1897?
What major advancement in enzyme research occurred in 1897?
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Which pathway was the first metabolic pathway to be elucidated in biochemistry?
Which pathway was the first metabolic pathway to be elucidated in biochemistry?
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Study Notes
Lecture 1: Introduction, Carbohydrates - Importance & Classification
- Biochemistry is the chemistry of living organisms, studying how components are synthesized and utilized.
- Living organisms are primarily made of the same chemical components, bridging conventional chemistry and biology.
- 17th and 18th centuries laid groundwork for biochemistry in various fields.
- 19th century saw developments of cell theory, Mendelian genetics, and Darwin's theory of evolution.
- Wohler's 1828 synthesis of urea from inorganic compounds marked a pivotal moment in biochemistry.
- Pasteur's research on fermentation highlighted the role of enzymes.
- Buchner's 1897 enzyme extraction from yeast demonstrated enzymatic activity, advancing the field.
- Neuberg coined the term "biochemistry" in 1903.
The 20th Century - Advancements
- Early 20th century saw breakthroughs in chemical analysis, separation methods, and instrumentation.
- X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and other techniques provided insight into the structures of key biological molecules like proteins, enzymes, DNA and RNA.
- 1926 saw James Sumner's demonstration that enzymes are proteins.
- The elucidation of glycolysis by Embden & Meyerhof and Otto Warburg, and Cori had significant impact in the first half of the 20th century.
- Krebs's described citric acid and urea cycles (1930-40).
- Lipmann described the role of ATP in 1940.
- Watson and Crick's 1953 discovery of DNA structure led to rapid advancements in nucleic acid biochemistry.
- Kornberg's 1956 discovery of DNA polymerase contributed significantly.
Classification of Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are one of the major groups of biomolecules.
- They comprise 50-80% of dry plant matter.
- Plants use them for structural material (cellulose) and storage (starch).
- Carbohydrates are also found as components of other molecules in living things.
- These substances contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, they may also contain nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulfur.
- Classified into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of biochemistry, focusing on the importance and classification of carbohydrates. It highlights historical advancements and key figures who contributed to the field. Test your understanding of the pivotal developments in biochemistry from its inception to the modern era.
