Biochemistry for 2nd Class Dentistry

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary clinical significance of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) deficiency?

Beriberi (correct)

Weakness of the legs

Pernicious anemia

Scurvy

Which vitamin is most sensitive to decomposition from visible light?

Folic Acid

Vitamin B2 (correct)

Vitamin C

Vitamin B1

What is the recommended daily intake of Folic Acid for normal adults?

1.4 - 2.0 mg

1.0 - 1.5 mg

300 - 500 micrograms (correct)

1.2 - 1.7 mg

Which of the following sources is NOT a dietary source of Vitamin B12?

Citrus fruits Signup and view all the answers

What condition can arise from deficiencies in Folic Acid?

Megaloblastic anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of Vitamin B6 deficiency?

Types of anemia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vitamins cannot be synthesized by the human body?

Vitamin B12 Signup and view all the answers

What does a deficiency in Vitamin C lead to?

Scurvy Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main consequences of Vitamin D deficiency in adults?

Osteomalacia Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT affect Vitamin D levels in the body?

High dietary potassium Signup and view all the answers

Where is Vitamin K absorbed in the body, and what is essential for its absorption?

Intestines; presence of bile salts Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary source is specifically associated with Vitamin K1?

Green vegetables Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary clinical significance associated with vitamin A deficiency?

Night blindness Signup and view all the answers

In infants, what is a potential issue that might lead to Vitamin K deficiency?

Sterile intestines at birth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vitamins is primarily stored in the liver after absorption?

Vitamin A Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily requirement for vitamin E?

30 IU Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin's deficiency is associated with increased red blood cell fragility?

Vitamin E Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vitamins is synthesized in the body?

Vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

How is vitamin K described in terms of its chemical structure?

A naphthoquinone Signup and view all the answers

What happens to fat-soluble vitamins during normal cooking conditions?

They remain stable Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition linked with excess intake of vitamin A?

Hypervitaminosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamins in the human body?

To act as cofactors for enzymatic reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding fat-soluble vitamins?

They can be stored in the liver and adipose tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes vitamins from hormones?

Vitamins must be provided in the diet. Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable characteristic of water-soluble vitamins?

They are polar and excreted in urine. Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamins are known to have toxicity manifestations primarily due to incorrect dosages?

Vitamins A and D Signup and view all the answers

What role do most water-soluble vitamins play in metabolism?

They primarily serve as coenzymes. Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is stored in the liver despite being water-soluble?

Vitamin B12 Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary biological importance of vitamins?

They support reproduction and growth. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies the six major compounds studied in biochemistry?

Proteins, Fat, Carbohydrates, Vitamins, Water, and Minerals Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the human body is composed of water?

65% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is classified as a nitrogenous organic compound in the human body?

Urea Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options correctly classifies water-soluble vitamins?

Vitamins B and C Signup and view all the answers

What is one clinical significance of vitamins in human health?

Supporting the body's metabolic processes Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the study of chemical processes occurring in living tissues?

Biochemistry Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes fat-soluble vitamins?

They can be stored in body tissues for later use. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a non-organic compound in the human body?

Salts Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Biochemistry Overview

Study of chemical processes in living tissues involving materials and energy changes.
Focus on molecular structure and function of organic compounds in organisms, including humans, animals, and plants.
Aims to explain chemical interactions in health and disease.
Major compounds include carbohydrates, proteins, fats (lipids), vitamins, minerals, and water.

Composition of the Human Body

Approximately 65% water; the remaining 35% consists of organic and inorganic compounds.
Organic compounds categorized into non-nitrogenous (lipids, carbohydrates) and nitrogenous (proteins, amino acids).
Inorganic compounds include salts, oxygen, ammonia, and water.

Vitamins

Organic compounds crucial for various bodily functions, acting mainly as cofactors in enzymatic reactions.
Essential for growth, maintenance, and reproduction; do not provide energy directly.
Classified into water-soluble (B vitamins, vitamin C) and fat-soluble (vitamins A, D, E, K).

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Vitamin B1 (Thiamin): Important for metabolism, sources include cereals and meats; daily need 1.0-1.5 mg; deficiency can result in beriberi.
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): Vital for metabolism, found in eggs and milk; daily need 1.2-1.7 mg; deficiency leads to cheilosis.
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine): Involved in amino acid metabolism, sources include liver and cereals; daily need 1.4-2.0 mg; related to anemia if deficient.
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin): Essential for red blood cell formation; found mainly in animal sources; daily need varies; deficiency leads to pernicious anemia.
Folic Acid: Works with B12 in blood cell formation; found in leafy vegetables; daily need 300-500 micrograms; deficiency can cause megaloblastic anemia.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid): Important for skin and immune health; sources in citrus and greens; daily need 30-70 mg; deficiency leads to scurvy, characterized by bruising and poor wound healing.

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Vitamin A (Retinol): Essential for vision, sourced from animal products and some plants; daily need 300-750 μg; deficiency can cause night blindness.
Vitamin E (α-Tocopherol): A natural antioxidant found in oils and meats; daily need 30 I.U.; deficiency can lead to increased red blood cell fragility.
Vitamin D (Calciferol): A steroid hormone crucial for calcium and phosphate metabolism; sources include eggs, milk, and fish; daily need 200-400 I.U.; deficiency can cause rickets in children.
Vitamin K: Necessary for blood clotting; found in green vegetables and produced by gut bacteria; deficiency may be seen in newborns and can result from malabsorption or antibiotic treatment.

Clinical Importance

Vitamins are critical for proper metabolic function and their deficiencies can lead to significant health issues.
Monitoring dietary intake of vitamins is essential for maintaining health and preventing diseases associated with deficiencies.
Toxicity primarily occurs with fat-soluble vitamins A and D due to excess supplementation.

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Description

This quiz focuses on essential biochemistry concepts relevant to dentistry for second-year students. Students will explore various biochemical processes and their applications in dental health and pathology. Prepare to test your understanding and application of biochemistry in the field of dentistry.