Biochemistry Enzymes, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of an enzyme?

  • To decrease activation energy (correct)
  • To increase activation energy
  • To act as a substrate
  • To supply energy to the reaction

    • Which part of the enzyme binds to the substrate?

  • Inhibitor site
  • Receptor site
  • Allosteric site
  • Active site (correct)

    • Enzymes are composed mainly of which type of macromolecule?

  • Lipids
  • Proteins (correct)
  • Nucleic acids
  • Carbohydrates

    • The specificity of an enzyme is due to its: a) Shape

    <p>Shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cofactor that assists enzyme function?

    <p>Magnesium ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of enzyme catalyzes the removal of electrons or hydrogen atoms?

    <p>Oxidoreductase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Competitive inhibitors bind to the enzyme at the: a) Allosteric site

    <p>Active site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT directly affect enzyme activity?

    <p>Size of the enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an enzyme's saturation point?

    <p>When all enzyme active sites are occupied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing substrate concentration on enzyme activity when the enzyme is saturated?

    <p>No effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lipids are primarily composed of which elements?

    <p>Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of lipids in the body?

    <p>Energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of unsaturated fats?

    <p>They contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipid is a major component of cell membranes?

    <p>Phospho lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lipids is involved in signaling within the body?

    <p>Steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A triglyceride consists of: a) Three fatty acids and a glycerol

    <p>Three fatty acids and a glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hydrophobic nature of lipids is due to: a) The presence of polar groups

    <p>The large number of C-H bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a saturated fat?

    <p>Butter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lipids can be classified into three main groups: triglycerides, phospholipids, and: a) Glycolipids

    <p>Steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about cholesterol is true?

    <p>Cholesterol is essential for cell membrane structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nucleic acids are polymers made up of: a) Amino acids

    <p>Nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The backbone of a DNA molecule consists of: a) Amino acids

    <p>Sugar and phosphate groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

    <p>Uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bond between nucleotides in a nucleic acid is called: a) Glycosidic bond

    <p>Phosphodiester bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nucleic acid is responsible for carrying genetic information?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of copying DNA into RNA is called: a) Replication

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>To bind to amino acids and transfer them to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a pyrimidine found in DNA?

    <p>Cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to a growing DNA strand during replication?

    <p>DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of RNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome?

    <p>mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The two strands of DNA are held together by: a) Phosphodiester bonds

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In RNA, adenine pairs with: a) Thymine

    <p>Uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sugar found in DNA is: a) Ribose

    <p>Deoxyribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nucleotides is NOT found in RNA?

    <p>Thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The function of rRNA is to: a) Carry amino acids to the ribosome

    <p>Form part of the structure of ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The double helix model of DNA was proposed by: a) Darwin and Mendel

    <p>Watson and Crick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During DNA replication, the leading strand is synthesized: a) Discontinuously

    <p>In the 5' to 3' direction continuously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nucleic acid monomer?

    <p>Nucleotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond forms between the base pairs in DNA?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the shape of a DNA molecule?

    <p>Double helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymes that remove phosphate groups are known as: a) Kinases

    <p>Phosphatases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lipid forms the bilayer in cell membranes?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct pairing of nucleotides in DNA?

    <p>A-T, G-C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect the rate of enzyme activity?

    <p>Light intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In RNA, which nucleotide replaces thymine?

    <p>Uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of nucleic acids contains nitrogen?

    <p>Nitrogenous base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipid is essential for hormone synthesis?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymes that digest lipids are called: a) Lipases

    <p>Lipases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the cell does DNA replication occur?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA helix during replication?

    <p>Helicase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Enzymes

    • Enzymes lower activation energy for reactions.
    • Enzymes act as catalysts.
    • Enzymes bind to substrates at the active site.
    • Enzyme specificity is determined by shape.
    • Cofactors, like magnesium ions, assist enzyme function.
    • Oxidoreductases remove electrons or hydrogen atoms.
    • Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site.
    • Enzyme activity is not directly affected by enzyme size.
    • Enzyme saturation occurs when all active sites are occupied, further substrate increase does not increase enzyme activity.
    • Substrate concentration affects enzyme activity until saturation.

    Lipids

    • Lipids primarily consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
    • Lipids function include energy storage.
    • Unsaturated fats have double bonds between carbons.
    • Phospholipids are a major component of cell membranes.
    • Steroids are involved in signaling within the body.
    • Triglycerides consist of three fatty acids and a glycerol.

    Nucleic Acids

    • Nucleic acids are polymers made of nucleotides.
    • DNA's backbone consists of sugar and phosphate groups.
    • DNA contains the nitrogenous bases adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.
    • RNA contains the nitrogenous bases adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine.
    • DNA replication occurs in the nucleus.
    • Helicase unwinds DNA during replication.
    • Phosphodiester bonds hold nucleotides together.
    • Hydrogen bonds hold base pairs together.
    • DNA carries genetic information.
    • Transcription copies DNA into RNA.
    • tRNA carries amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.
    • mRNA carries the genetic code to the ribosome.
    • Enzyme phosphatases remove phosphate groups.
    • Lipids like phospholipids make cell membranes.
    • Cholesterol is crucial for hormone synthesis .
    • Lipases digest lipids.

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    Enzymes, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of biochemistry through this quiz on enzymes, lipids, and nucleic acids. Test your knowledge about enzyme functions, lipid properties, and the role of nucleic acids in biological systems. Ideal for students studying biochemistry concepts in depth.

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