30 Questions
Which type of metabolite is directly involved in normal growth?
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What is the main difference between bacteria and archaea?
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Which organelles are characteristic of eukaryotic organisms?
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What does entropy measure in a system?
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What does the free-energy change, $\Delta G$, indicate about a chemical reaction?
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In which type of reaction do the products have higher free energy than the reactants?
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Which enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds with a serine residue in the active site?
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What is the function of a zymogen?
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What type of molecule is involved in platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction?
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Which blood clotting pathway is activated by external trauma leading to blood leakage?
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What is the role of a transition-state analog in enzymology?
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What is the function of a regulatory cascade?
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What technique is used to separate charged molecules and includes techniques such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and isoelectric focusing?
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Which technique is used to measure the mass/charge of molecules and provides information about their composition and structure?
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What refers to the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue, or organism under specific conditions?
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Which type of proteins have elongated, thread-like structures?
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What is the repository of 3D structural data of biological macromolecules?
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Which proteins assist in the proper folding of other proteins?
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What is the method used for determining the atomic structure of a crystal by analyzing X-ray diffraction patterns?
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What is the turnover number in enzyme kinetics?
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What are the standard conditions for free-energy change (∆G°)?
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What do irreversible inhibitors do to enzymes?
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What is the main difference between catabolism and anabolism?
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What is the function of ligands in relation to proteins?
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What does metabolism encompass?
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What is the role of T lymphocytes (T cells) in the immune system?
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What do constitutive genes do?
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Which technique is used for studying the structure and dynamics of molecules in solution?
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What are hydrogen bonds?
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What does the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relate?
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Study Notes
Biochemistry Key Concepts
- Standard conditions for free-energy change (∆G°) include 298K, 25C, 1 bar, and 1 mole.
- Catabolism involves the breakdown of molecules and releases energy, while anabolism requires energy for the synthesis of molecules.
- Metabolism encompasses all reactions occurring in an organism, combining catabolism and anabolism.
- Systems Biology focuses on studying biological systems as networks rather than isolated components.
- Constitutive genes are transcribed at a constant level regardless of conditions or needs, while housekeeping genes maintain basic cellular functions.
- Hydrogen bonds are non-covalent interactions between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom (usually oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine).
- The hydrophobic effect describes the aggregation of nonpolar substances in aqueous environments to minimize contact with water.
- Osmolarity refers to the concentration of solute particles in a solution and influences the movement of water.
- The equilibrium constant (Keq) is the ratio of product to reactant concentrations at equilibrium, determining whether a reaction favors products.
- The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates pH to pKa and is used to estimate the pH of a buffer solution.
- Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, consisting of an amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen atom, and R group.
- Peptide bonds are formed via dehydration/condensation reactions between the carboxyl and amino groups, releasing water.
Test your knowledge of key concepts in biochemistry with this quiz. From standard conditions for free-energy change to the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, this quiz covers essential topics including catabolism, anabolism, metabolism, systems biology, hydrogen bonds, the hydrophobic effect, osmolarity, equilibrium constant, amino acids, and peptide bonds.
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