Biochemistry: Classification of Lipids

<p>Exacerbation of essential fatty acid deficiency. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are key to the fluidity of cell membranes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triacylglycerol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acting as catalysts in biochemical reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple lipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structural components of biomembranes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are products obtained after hydrolysis of simple and compound lipids. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Are fully hydrogenated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detergency and emulsification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins embedded in lipids can move laterally. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>R—CO—OH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Odd chain fatty acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directly absorbed in the small intestine and transported via the portal vein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polyunsaturated fatty acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have 2 to 6 carbon atoms and act as metabolic intermediates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saturated fatty acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long-chain fatty acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linoleic acid and linolenic acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They only contain one double bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arachidonic acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humans lack the enzymes to synthesize them with double bonds beyond C9 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of brain and retina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They serve as precursors for eicosanoids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linoleic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lipids are a diverse group of organic molecules that are insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents like chloroform and ether. They consist of fats, oils, waxes, steroids and related compounds.

Classified based on chemical structure, simple lipids are esters formed from fatty acids and glycerol or other alcohols.

These lipids are esters of fatty acids with additional groups attached to an alcohol molecule. They can be further categorized based on the type of additional group present, like phosphate.

Derived lipids are the products of breaking down simple and compound lipids. They include fatty acids, steroids, cholesterol, and lipid-soluble vitamins.

Triacylglycerol, also known as triglycerides or neutral fat, is a type of simple lipid made up of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule. It's the main form of energy storage in the body.

Fatty acids are the building blocks of many lipids. They are long chains of carbon atoms with a carboxyl group at one end.

Phospholipids are complex lipids that have a phosphate group attached to a glycerol molecule. They are critical components of cell membranes.

Glycolipids are complex lipids that contain a carbohydrate group attached to a glycerol molecule. They are found in cell membranes and play roles in cell recognition.

A type of fatty acid that has a single double bond in its carbon chain.

A type of fatty acid that has no double bonds in its carbon chain.

A type of fatty acid that has two or more double bonds in its carbon chain.

A long chain of carbon atoms with a carboxyl group at one end (COOH).

Fatty acids that contain an even number of carbon atoms.

Fatty acids that contain an odd number of carbon atoms.

Fatty acids with 14 or more carbon atoms, found in fats and structural lipids.

Fatty acids with 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

Fatty acids that contain one or more double bonds.

Fatty acids that are essential for optimal health but cannot be synthesized by the body.

A group of signaling molecules derived from arachidonic acid, a fatty acid derived from linoleic acid.

Components of cell membranes that help maintain their structural integrity.

A type of essential fatty acid, specifically a ω-3 fatty acid, important for brain and retina development.

Essential fatty acids (EFAs) help prevent hardening of arteries by increasing cholesterol esterification and excretion, thus lowering blood cholesterol levels.

The deficiency of EFAs can lead to skin problems like eczema, hair loss, and poor wound healing, as well as issues with lipid transport, mitochondrial function, and blood clotting.

Cis isomers of fatty acids increase the fluidity of cell membranes, allowing for proper function. Natural fatty acids are mostly in this form.

Trans isomers of fatty acids, found in processed foods, reduce membrane fluidity and can compete with EFAs. This may increase the risk of heart disease and diabetes.

Melting temperature of a fatty acid is influenced by its chain length and the presence of cis/trans double bonds. Shorter chains and cis double bonds lead to lower melting points and greater membrane fluidity.