Biochemistry Chapter Overview
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Questions and Answers

What describes the primary structure of a protein?

  • A coiled structure formed by hydrogen bonds
  • The overall 3D shape of the protein
  • A linear sequence of amino acids (correct)
  • A folded sheet-like structure

    • Which type of bond is primarily responsible for the formation of the alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet structures in proteins?

  • Peptide bonds
  • Covalent bonds
  • Ionic bonds
  • Hydrogen bonds (correct)

    • What molecule is formed from the breakdown of ATP when energy is released?

  • ATP and $P_i$
  • AMP and phosphate
  • ADP and inorganic phosphate ($P_i$) (correct)
  • Adenosine and phosphate

    • What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

    <p>They serve as biological catalysts to speed up reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of enzyme activity, what does the 'active site' refer to?

    <p>The part where the substrate binds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a theory from a hypothesis?

    <p>A theory is a widely accepted explanation while a hypothesis is a suggested explanation that is not yet tested.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subatomic particle is primarily involved in chemical bonding?

    <p>Electrons, which facilitate the formation of bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the independent variable in the experiment?

    <p>The temperature of the water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

    <p>Ionic bonds are formed by transferring electrons, while covalent bonds involve sharing electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the dependent variable in this experiment?

    <p>The speed at which the sugar dissolves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do polar and non-polar covalent bonds differ?

    <p>Nonpolar covalent bonds occur between atoms with similar electronegativities, while polar bonds occur between atoms with different electronegativities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In this experiment, what constitutes the experimental group?

    <p>Water with increased temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements are part of the six most abundant elements in biological molecules?

    <p>Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is represented by the statement 'the sky was much greyer'?

    <p>Qualitative data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the hypothesis, what is the expected outcome when sugar is added to warm water?

    <p>The sugar will dissolve quickly due to increased molecular movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes a characteristic of lipids?

    <p>Lipids have no monomeric units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following functions is NOT associated with proteins?

    <p>Energy storage for short-term needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the monomer unit of nucleic acids?

    <p>Nucleotide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is accurate?

    <p>Carbohydrates typically have a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major functional group is associated with amino acids?

    <p>Amine group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of changes in salinity, pH, and temperature on enzymes?

    <p>They alter the enzyme's structure-function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best represents the products of aerobic cellular respiration?

    <p>Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cell organelle does photosynthesis occur?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process results in a higher net ATP yield?

    <p>Aerobic cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is created as a byproduct of the electron transport chain?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

    <p>Build proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for absorbing sunlight to produce glucose in plant cells?

    <p>Chloroplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do lysosomes play in a cell?

    <p>Break down waste materials and cellular debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main distinguishing feature of plant cells compared to animal cells?

    <p>Presence of a cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between cilia and flagella?

    <p>Cilia move substances along the cell's surface, while flagella help the organism move</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of DNA replication in cells?

    <p>To ensure each daughter cell gets a complete genome copy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA helix during replication?

    <p>DNA helicase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the S phase of the cell cycle considered the most critical?

    <p>It is when DNA replication occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes the outcome of DNA replication?

    <p>Two DNA molecules are created, each consisting of one old strand and one new strand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are not phases of interphase in the cell cycle?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport requires energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

    <p>Active Transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecules typically pass through the cell membrane via facilitated diffusion?

    <p>Polar or charged ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which environment will a cell likely swell due to water influx?

    <p>Hypotonic environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of aquaporins in cellular processes?

    <p>To facilitate osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does an increase in temperature have on the rate of diffusion of food coloring in water?

    <p>It increases the rate of diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

    <p>To produce identical DNA and replace worn-out cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align in the middle of the spindle?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs immediately after anaphase in the mitotic cycle?

    <p>Telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the number of chromosomes compare in a cell before and after mitosis?

    <p>It remains the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main processes involved in the division of a cell during mitosis?

    <p>Nuclear division and cytoplasmic division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about prokaryotes is true?

    <p>Prokaryotes do not possess organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes a key function of the cell membrane?

    <p>Regulating internal and external substance levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which particles can easily pass through the phospholipid bilayer of a cell membrane?

    <p>Hydrophobic molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of the phospholipid bilayer impacts substance permeability?

    <p>The hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a shared feature between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

    <p>DNA as genetic material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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