Biochemistry Chapter 8 Quiz

TCAG

<p>Hydrogen bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A covalent bond that forms the backbone of DNA and RNA molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sequence of bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bonding, Base stacking, Hydrophobic interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They modeled the structure of DNA based on the limited data available</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA is more resistant against enzymes that break down nucleic acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hairpin Structure = A structure that may be formed from a single DNA strand with the sequence -ATATG.....CATAT- G tetraplex = Four-stranded, right-handed helix formed by a DNA segment containing a high proportion of guanine residues Cruciform structure = A structure formed when interstrand hydrogen bonds break and intrastrand hydrogen bonds form Triplex DNA = A polynucleotide strand that forms Hoogsteen pairs with functional groups in the major groove of a homopurine-homopyrimidine duplex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>snRNA; involved in the splicing process when mRNA is formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>rRNA; Combines with proteins to form ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>tRNA; Brings amino acids to sites of mRNA during protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>siRNA; Eliminates the expression of an undesirable gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mRNA; Carries genetic information to ribosomes for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>miRNA; Inhibits the translation of mRNA into protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides used for: Storage of genetic information (DNA), Transmission of genetic information (mRNA), Processing of genetic information (ribozymes), Protein synthesis (tRNA and rRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleotides are also used in the monomer form for cellular functions: Energy for metabolism (ATP), Enzyme cofactors (NAD+), Signal transduction (cAMP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogenous base, Pentose, Phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogenous base, Pentose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A molecule in the backbone of DNA and RNA that links adjoining bases together; Negatively charged at neutral pH; Typically attached to 5' position</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Derivatives of pyrimidine or purine; Nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic molecules; Absorb UV light around 250-270 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modification is done after DNA synthesis; Common examples include 5-methylcytosine and N6-methyladenosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inosine is sometimes found in the 'wobble position' of the anticodon in tRNA; Provides richer genetic code</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudouridine is found widely in tRNA and rRNA; May stabilize the structure of tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structural isomers that differ in the location of protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ketones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In some heterocycles; Forms a predominance at neutral pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polymers of nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Via phosphodiester linkages</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No branching or cross-links</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA is unstable under alkaline conditions; RNase enzymes are abundant around us</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two bases can hydrogen bond to form a base pair; Watson and Crick base pairs predominate in double-stranded DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strand separation occurs first; Each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In nucleotides, the pentose ring is attached to the nitrogenous base via an N-glycosidic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relatively free rotation can occur; The bond is found in both syn and anti configurations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covalent bonds and genetic code remain intact; Hydrogen bonds are broken; Base stacking is lost</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The midpoint of melting (Tm) depends on base composition; High CG increases Tm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detection of a specific DNA molecule in complex mixtures; Amplification of specific DNA;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Very slow reactions; Net effect is significant: 100 C --&gt; U events/day in a mammalian cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>N-glycosidic bond is hydrolyzed; Significant for purines: 10,000 purines lost/day in a mammalian cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydroxylation of guanine; Mitochondrial DNA is most susceptible</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methylation of guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UV light induces dimerization of pyrimidines; Ionizing radiation causes ring opening and strand breaking</p> Signup and view all the answers