Biochemistry Cellular Respiration Quiz

<p>To create a barrier that allows for the establishment of a proton gradient. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It stores potential energy that can be used to synthesize ATP. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents the potential energy stored in electron transfer reactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Xe- has been oxidized. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemiosmosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NAD+ captures electrons during redox reactions and delivers them to the electron transport chain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store energy that can be used for the synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fermentation, producing 2 ATP. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exergonic reactions release energy that can be used to drive endergonic reactions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reaction is exergonic, releasing energy in the form of ATP. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By utilizing the energy from the electron transport chain to establish a proton gradient that drives ATP synthase. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions, consisting of catabolic and anabolic pathways. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy cannot be created or destroyed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It states that some energy will always increase disorder. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They reduce the activation energy needed for reactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To serve as an energy carrier that couples energy-releasing and energy-requiring processes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As heat, during energy transformations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy is captured mainly through respiration and photosynthesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electron transport chain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To act as an energy reservoir (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Release of waste products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breakdown of glucose in glycolysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The universe equals the sum of system and surroundings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plants convert solar energy through photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The totality of an organism's chemical reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thermal energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate enzyme reactions and energy transformations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To convert glucose to pyruvate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reaction occurs spontaneously if the change in Gibbs free energy is negative. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kinase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$ ext{ΔG} = ext{ΔH} - T ext{ΔS}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 NADH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reaction does not proceed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycolysis with phosphoglycerokinase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It generates H+ gradients for ATP synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When ATP is cleaved, energy is released due to repulsion between phosphate groups. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyruvate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transfer of electrons and protons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>End products can inhibit enzyme function by negative feedback. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involves energy release (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemiosmosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemiosmosis synthesizes ATP by utilizing energy stored in the electron transport chain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NADH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate, feeding into the citric acid cycle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Energy available to do work in a system.

Measure of disorder or randomness in a system.

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Energy transfers increase the universe's entropy.

ATP couples energy-releasing and energy-requiring processes.

Process that breaks down glucose to generate ATP.

Series of reactions that produce electron carriers for the electron transport chain.

Sequence of proteins that transfer electrons, generating ATP via chemiosmosis.

Metabolic process to obtain energy by oxidizing nutrients and releasing waste.

The totality of an organism's chemical reactions, including anabolism and catabolism.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) acts as the energy reservoir for cellular work.

The process of building complex molecules from simpler ones using energy.

The process of breaking down complex molecules to release energy.

The energy needed for a system to do work, considering entropy and its surroundings.

The equilibrium between energy intake and energy expenditure in an ecosystem or individual.

Energy that a body possesses due to its motion.

Energy that comes from the movement of atoms and molecules, often a byproduct of metabolism.

The process where energy is dissipated, often as heat, during metabolic processes.

The portion of a system's energy that can perform work.

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS; change in free energy calculation.

A process occurs spontaneously if ΔG is negative.

A reaction that releases energy and has a negative ΔG.

Biological catalysts that lower activation energy of reactions.

Adenosine-triphosphate, an energy currency releasing energy when Pi is cleaved.

Direct transfer of phosphate to ADP to form ATP during glycolysis.

Movement of ions down an electrochemical gradient to generate ATP.

The measure of an atom's ability to gain or lose electrons in a chemical reaction.

A measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons in a bond.

A series of reactions where electrons are transferred from one molecule to another.

An electron carrier that stores energy from food breakdown.

A chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons between two species.

A difference in proton concentration across a membrane that stores energy.

The process of generating ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate, usually using energy from chemiosmosis.

Anaerobic process that converts glucose to 2 ATP.

Fermentation produces only 2 ATP per glucose compared to 32 ATP from respiration.

Chemical equation: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O.

Anabolic builds molecules; catabolic breaks them down in metabolism.

NAD+ captures electrons during redox reactions and forms NADH.

H+ flows back through ATP synthase to produce ATP from ADP.

Process of converting electrons into ATP via REDOX reactions.

Series of steps that convert glucose into two pyruvate molecules while generating ATP.

An enzyme that adds phosphate groups to molecules, often using ATP.

An enzyme that converts one isomer into another, rearranging the molecule's structure.

An enzyme that facilitates oxidation reactions by transferring electrons to NAD+.

The end product of glycolysis, which can enter the citric acid cycle or fermentation.

Also known as TCA or Krebs cycle; processes Acetyl CoA to produce energy carriers.

Electron carriers produced in glycolysis and citric acid cycle for ATP generation.