Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following subatomic particles is found in the nucleus of an atom?
Which of the following subatomic particles is found in the nucleus of an atom?
- Both B and C (correct)
- Electron
- Neutron
- Proton
Atoms are the smallest unit of matter that retains the chemical properties of an element.
Atoms are the smallest unit of matter that retains the chemical properties of an element.
True (A)
What is the difference between an atom and an isotope?
What is the difference between an atom and an isotope?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons, while atoms are the basic unit of an element, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
The atomic number of an element is determined by the number of ______ in the nucleus.
The atomic number of an element is determined by the number of ______ in the nucleus.
Match the subatomic particle to its charge:
Match the subatomic particle to its charge:
Which of the following elements has a bonding capacity of 4?
Which of the following elements has a bonding capacity of 4?
Radioactive isotopes are always dangerous and should be avoided.
Radioactive isotopes are always dangerous and should be avoided.
What is the term used to describe the sharing of two electrons between two atoms?
What is the term used to describe the sharing of two electrons between two atoms?
What type of bond is formed between a molecule with a partial negative region containing oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine and a hydrogen atom in an adjacent molecule?
What type of bond is formed between a molecule with a partial negative region containing oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine and a hydrogen atom in an adjacent molecule?
Hydrophobic interactions occur when polar molecules group together.
Hydrophobic interactions occur when polar molecules group together.
What term describes the ability of carbon to form long chains with itself?
What term describes the ability of carbon to form long chains with itself?
A hydrocarbon is formed when carbon is bonded to __________ only.
A hydrocarbon is formed when carbon is bonded to __________ only.
Match the following hydrocarbons with their descriptions:
Match the following hydrocarbons with their descriptions:
Which group of elements is characterized by being unreactive and not readily forming bonds?
Which group of elements is characterized by being unreactive and not readily forming bonds?
Carbon (C) can make up to four bonds due to having four valence electrons.
Carbon (C) can make up to four bonds due to having four valence electrons.
What type of bond is formed when two non-metal atoms share electrons equally?
What type of bond is formed when two non-metal atoms share electrons equally?
In ethylene, two carbon atoms share __________ electrons, creating a double bond.
In ethylene, two carbon atoms share __________ electrons, creating a double bond.
Match the following compounds with their descriptions:
Match the following compounds with their descriptions:
Which of the following is NOT a common element in living systems?
Which of the following is NOT a common element in living systems?
Inorganic compounds have specific ratios of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Inorganic compounds have specific ratios of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What type of bond will form if one atom attracts electrons more than another?
What type of bond will form if one atom attracts electrons more than another?
Flashcards
Element
Element
Simplest form of a substance; cannot be broken down further.
Atom
Atom
Basic unit of an element made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Subatomic Particles
Subatomic Particles
Particles that make up an atom: protons, neutrons, electrons.
Proton
Proton
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Neutron
Neutron
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Electron
Electron
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Isotopes
Isotopes
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Bonding Capacity
Bonding Capacity
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Group Number and Bonding
Group Number and Bonding
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Group 8 Elements
Group 8 Elements
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Valence Electrons
Valence Electrons
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Covalent Bond
Covalent Bond
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Lewis Dot Diagram
Lewis Dot Diagram
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Types of Organic Compounds
Types of Organic Compounds
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Inorganic Compounds
Inorganic Compounds
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Intramolecular Forces
Intramolecular Forces
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Polar Molecule
Polar Molecule
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Hydrogen Bonding
Hydrogen Bonding
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Catenation
Catenation
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Functional Groups
Functional Groups
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Study Notes
Biochemistry Basics
- Biochemistry studies the chemistry of living organisms
- Elements are the simplest forms of substances, indivisible
- Atoms are the basic units of elements, composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons
- Atoms are extremely small; one million placed side-by-side would span 1 cm
- Atoms are made of subatomic particles: protons (+ charge), neutrons (neutral), and electrons (- charge)
- Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus
- Electrons orbit the nucleus in an electron cloud
- Helium atom example: Atomic Number (protons) = 2, Atomic Mass (protons + neutrons) = 4
- Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
- Some isotopes are radioactive, meaning unstable nuclei break down at a constant rate
- Practical uses of radioactive isotopes: carbon dating, tracers, killing bacteria/cancer cells
- The periodic table organizes elements by properties
- Bonding capacity is the number of bonds an atom can form
- Non-metals often bonded in a molecule; carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N)
- Most atoms in living systems exist as molecules (two or more non-metal atoms bonded)
- Organic compounds contain C, H, and O, often referred to as chemicals of life, e.g., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
- In-organic compounds used to "support" life, e.g., water (Hâ‚‚O), carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚)
- Intramolecular forces: chemical bonds within a molecule
- Nonpolar covalent bonds: equal electron sharing between atoms.
- Polar covalent bonds: unequal electron sharing, creating a +/- region
- Intermolecular forces: attractions between molecules
- Hydrogen bonding: attractions between partially +/- charged regions (O, N, F interacting with H).
- Hydrophobic interactions: nonpolar molecules grouping together to evade polar molecules
- Organic chemistry, also called carbon chemistry, studies carbon-based molecules
- Carbon forms four bonds, allowing for long chains (catenation) and branching
- Hydrocarbons contain only C and H
- Functional groups are atoms or groups of atoms attached to molecules, influencing chemical and physical properties. They affect how molecules interact with each other
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