Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of carbohydrates?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of carbohydrates?
Which monosaccharide is the sweetest?
Which monosaccharide is the sweetest?
What type of bond is formed when two monosaccharides combine to form a disaccharide?
What type of bond is formed when two monosaccharides combine to form a disaccharide?
Which disaccharide is commonly known as table sugar?
Which disaccharide is commonly known as table sugar?
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Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?
Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?
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Which of the following is an example of a structural polysaccharide?
Which of the following is an example of a structural polysaccharide?
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Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four most abundant elements in living organisms?
Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four most abundant elements in living organisms?
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What is the general formula for carbohydrates?
What is the general formula for carbohydrates?
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What is the percentage of oxygen in living organisms?
What is the percentage of oxygen in living organisms?
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What is the primary source of energy for living organisms?
What is the primary source of energy for living organisms?
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What is the general term for carbohydrates?
What is the general term for carbohydrates?
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What is the name of the sugar obtained from milk?
What is the name of the sugar obtained from milk?
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What is the name of the sugar used in brewing beer?
What is the name of the sugar used in brewing beer?
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What is the percentage of carbon in living organisms?
What is the percentage of carbon in living organisms?
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What is the term for the process of combining smaller molecules to form larger molecules?
What is the term for the process of combining smaller molecules to form larger molecules?
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What is the name of the most common disaccharide?
What is the name of the most common disaccharide?
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What is the term for the bond formed between two monosaccharides?
What is the term for the bond formed between two monosaccharides?
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What is the percentage of nitrogen in living organisms?
What is the percentage of nitrogen in living organisms?
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Study Notes
Biochemistry Overview
- Only 27 chemical elements are essential for life.
- Four most abundant elements in Earth's crust: Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminium, Iron.
- Four most abundant elements in living organisms: Carbon (9.5%), Hydrogen (25.2%), Oxygen (63.0%), Nitrogen (1.4%).
Biomolecules / Organic Compounds
- Large molecules providing structural components and building blocks of life.
- Formed by polymerization, where smaller molecules (monomers) connect in chainlike structures.
- Major types include carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.
Carbohydrates (C, H, O)
- Also known as saccharides or carbs, they serve as primary energy sources.
- General formula: Cn(H2O)n.
- Names typically end in -ose.
Classifications of Carbohydrates
-
Monosaccharides: Basic sugars, smallest carbohydrate units.
- Glucose: Most common, the sole sugar utilized for energy.
- Galactose: Derived from milk.
- Fructose: Fruit sugar, the sweetest sugar.
-
Disaccharides: Composed of two monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds.
- Sucrose (glucose + fructose): Common table sugar, the most prevalent disaccharide.
- Lactose (glucose + galactose): Known as milk sugar, first carbohydrate for newborn mammals.
- Maltose (glucose + glucose): Malt sugar, important in brewing beer.
-
Polysaccharides: Large polymers of sugars bonded by glycosidic links, can be structural or storage.
-
Structural Polysaccharides:
- Cellulose: Most abundant organic molecule on Earth; main cell wall component in plants. Ruminants possess microbes to digest cellulose.
- Chitin: Constitutes the hard covering of insects and shellfish; found in fungal cell walls.
-
Storage Polysaccharides:
- Starch: Primary energy storage molecule in plants.
- Glycogen: Animal starch for storing excess sugar in animals.
-
Biochemistry Overview
- Only 27 chemical elements are essential for life.
- Four most abundant elements in Earth's crust: Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminium, Iron.
- Four most abundant elements in living organisms: Carbon (9.5%), Hydrogen (25.2%), Oxygen (63.0%), Nitrogen (1.4%).
Biomolecules / Organic Compounds
- Large molecules providing structural components and building blocks of life.
- Formed by polymerization, where smaller molecules (monomers) connect in chainlike structures.
- Major types include carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.
Carbohydrates (C, H, O)
- Also known as saccharides or carbs, they serve as primary energy sources.
- General formula: Cn(H2O)n.
- Names typically end in -ose.
Classifications of Carbohydrates
-
Monosaccharides: Basic sugars, smallest carbohydrate units.
- Glucose: Most common, the sole sugar utilized for energy.
- Galactose: Derived from milk.
- Fructose: Fruit sugar, the sweetest sugar.
-
Disaccharides: Composed of two monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds.
- Sucrose (glucose + fructose): Common table sugar, the most prevalent disaccharide.
- Lactose (glucose + galactose): Known as milk sugar, first carbohydrate for newborn mammals.
- Maltose (glucose + glucose): Malt sugar, important in brewing beer.
-
Polysaccharides: Large polymers of sugars bonded by glycosidic links, can be structural or storage.
-
Structural Polysaccharides:
- Cellulose: Most abundant organic molecule on Earth; main cell wall component in plants. Ruminants possess microbes to digest cellulose.
- Chitin: Constitutes the hard covering of insects and shellfish; found in fungal cell walls.
-
Storage Polysaccharides:
- Starch: Primary energy storage molecule in plants.
- Glycogen: Animal starch for storing excess sugar in animals.
-
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Description
Learn about the essential chemical elements for life, abundant elements in Earth's crust and living organisms, and biomolecules that form the building blocks of life.
