Ch 5 (pp 75-82)
50 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which type of fatty acids contain one or more double bonds?

  • Monounsaturated fatty acids
  • Short-chain fatty acids
  • Polyunsaturated fatty acids (correct)
  • Saturated fatty acids

    • What is the position of a double bond in a fatty acid designated by?

  • The degree of unsaturation in the fatty acid
  • The number of carbon atoms in the chain
  • The number of the carbon in the double bond closest to the carboxyl group (correct)
  • The presence of a methyl group at one end of the chain

    • What contributes to the fluidity of cellular membranes?

  • Fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms
  • Saturated fatty acids
  • Fatty acids with many double bonds (correct)
  • Fatty acids with a high melting point

    • What is the common name for a fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms?

    <p>Stearic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct designation for oleic acid?

    <p>18:1, Δ9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fatty acid is an ω-6 fatty acid?

    <p>Arachidonic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fatty acids are derived from eicosanoids?

    <p>Prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of most naturally occurring fatty acids?

    <p>They have cis double bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fatty acid is palmitoleic acid?

    <p>16:1, Δ9 fatty acid and an ω-7 fatty acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are acylglycerols composed of?

    <p>Glycerol and one or more fatty acids attached through ester linkages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of triacylglycerols?

    <p>They rarely contain the same fatty acid at all three positions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are fatty acids esterified in phosphoacylglycerols?

    <p>Positions 1 and 2 of glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for phosphatidylcholine?

    <p>Lecithin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease, leading to FDA labeling mandates and bans in certain localities?

    <p>Trans fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are sphingolipids formed from?

    <p>Sphingosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule property do hydroxyl groups create?

    <p>Hydrophilic surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of hydroxyl radical taking one electron from a compound?

    <p>Creation of a new radical with a single unpaired electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are reactive oxygen and nitrogen-containing free radicals agents of?

    <p>Cell death and destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to joint inflammation in conditions like gouty arthritis?

    <p>Crystals of the Na+ salt of uric acid in joint spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are free radicals involved in?

    <p>Chronic diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an elevated anion gap reflect?

    <p>Presence of unknown anions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can diabetic patients self-monitor blood glucose levels?

    <p>Using enzyme-impregnated plastic strips and blood glucose monitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may DDT accumulation in adipose tissue be protective against?

    <p>Reaching neurons in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse health effects are PCBs linked to?

    <p>Cancer and disorders of various systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are dioxins associated with?

    <p>Thymic atrophy, neoplasia, and adverse reproductive effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do genetically engineered bacteria offer a promising approach to remove from the environment?

    <p>Polychlorinated derivatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the precursor for steroid hormones and is converted to water-soluble bile salts like cholic acid in the body?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound contains sphingosine and different groups added to form various compounds?

    <p>Sphingolipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are used to synthesize cholesterol, coenzyme Q, and vitamin A in humans?

    <p>Isoprenyl units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of nitrogen-containing rings can shift to produce tautomers, considered the same compound but with different reactivity?

    <p>Hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serves as the precursors of nitrogen-containing compounds in the body and serves as the basis of most human amino acid metabolism?

    <p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compounds are derivatives of ceramide and contain sphingosine and different groups added to form various compounds?

    <p>Sphingolipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a component of purines, pyrimidines, and pyridines, which are common in the body and have specific functions?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are compounds with a single electron, and free radicals are those that exist independently in a solution or lipid environment?

    <p>Radicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are water-insoluble due to their composition, while cholic acid contains hydrophilic groups making it water-soluble?

    <p>Cholesterol and estradiol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays essential roles in various biochemical processes in the human body?

    <p>The structure and properties of nitrogen-containing compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a component of purines, pyrimidines, and pyridines, which are common in the body and have specific functions?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average half-life of dioxins in the human body?

    <p>5 to 15 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are used to associate with cellular membranes by being covalently attached to proteins?

    <p>Geranyl and farnesyl groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main route of excretion for dioxins in the human body?

    <p>Slow excretion in bile and feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is noted as one of the most toxic and extensively studied among chlorinated hydrocarbons?

    <p>2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major lipid noted for its structural diversity and hydrophobic nature?

    <p>Fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the precursor for molecules containing the steroid nucleus, such as bile salts and steroid hormones?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is gout characterized by?

    <p>Buildup of uric acid in the blood and precipitates of urate crystals in the joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate management for type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Insulin injections and frequent monitoring of blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of proteins?

    <p>Consist of a linear chain of amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of nucleosides?

    <p>Heterocyclic ring attached to a sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do purines, pyrimidines, and pyridines have in common?

    <p>Heterocyclic nitrogen-containing ring structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do glycoproteins and proteoglycans have attached to their protein components?

    <p>Sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an elevated anion gap reflect?

    <p>Metabolic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biochemical Properties of Cholesterol, Amino Acids, and Nitrogen-Containing Compounds

    • Cholesterol is the precursor for steroid hormones and is converted to water-soluble bile salts like cholic acid in the body.
    • Isoprenyl units are used to synthesize cholesterol, coenzyme Q, and vitamin A in humans.
    • Geranyl and farnesyl groups are hydrophobic and can be covalently attached to proteins to associate with cellular membranes.
    • The presence of a nitrogen atom in an organic compound increases its solubility in water.
    • Amino acids are the precursors of nitrogen-containing compounds in the body and serve as the basis of most human amino acid metabolism.
    • Sphingolipids, derivatives of ceramide, contain sphingosine and different groups added to form various compounds.
    • Nitrogen is a component of purines, pyrimidines, and pyridines, which are common in the body and have specific functions.
    • Nitrogenous bases form nucleosides and nucleotides, with the addition of phosphate groups forming nucleotides.
    • In many nitrogen-containing rings, hydrogen can shift to produce tautomers, which are considered the same compound but with different reactivity.
    • Radicals are compounds with a single electron, and free radicals are those that exist independently in a solution or lipid environment.
    • Cholesterol and estradiol are water-insoluble due to their composition, while cholic acid contains hydrophilic groups making it water-soluble.
    • The structure and properties of nitrogen-containing compounds play essential roles in various biochemical processes in the human body.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the biochemical properties of cholesterol, amino acids, and nitrogen-containing compounds with this quiz. Explore the roles of these compounds in human metabolism and their significance in various biochemical processes.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser