Bioanalytical Chemistry Quiz

Study Notes

Function of biorecognition elements: to recognize and bind to specific analytes, triggering a signal that is proportional to the concentration of the analyte
Three different biorecognition elements:
- Antibodies: recognize specific antigens, high specificity and sensitivity
- Aptamers: single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules that bind to specific targets, advantages include ease of synthesis and modification
- Enzymes: catalyze specific reactions, can be used to detect substrates or products

Definition: a plate-based assay that uses antibodies to detect and quantify antigens, often used for protein detection
Formats:
- Direct ELISA: uses a single antibody to detect the antigen
- Indirect ELISA: uses a secondary antibody to detect the antigen, more sensitive than direct ELISA
- Sandwich ELISA: uses two antibodies to detect the antigen, most sensitive and commonly used
Most sensitive format: Sandwich ELISA

Function: to detect and monitor bacteria, offering an alternative to current detection methods
Working principle: bacteriophages specifically recognize and bind to bacteria, triggering a signal that is proportional to the concentration of bacteria
Advantages: high specificity, sensitivity, and speed, can be used for real-time monitoring

Choice of recognition element: aptamer, due to its ease of synthesis, modification, and stability
Sensor design: aptamer-based biosensor with a simple and stable design, using the aptamer as the biorecognition element to detect the cancer marker

Device: electrochemical sensor, due to its portability, simplicity, and low cost
Working principle: uses an electrode to detect the contaminant, triggering an electrochemical signal that is proportional to the concentration of the contaminant
Advantages: easy to use, rapid detection, and on-site monitoring capabilities