BIO.A.2.2.1 Properties of Carbon Flashcards
20 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What unique chemical property allows carbon to form large and complex molecules?

Carbon is small and has a valence electron number of four which allows it to form up to four covalent bonds.

What is it about carbon that makes it a great atom to form the backbone of many organic compounds?

Carbon can bond with other carbons to form a hydrocarbon backbone or skeleton.

What is an organic compound?

A compound that contains at least carbon and hydrogen.

What is a hydrocarbon?

<p>A compound containing only the elements carbon and hydrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a monomer?

<p>The smaller molecules that make up a polymer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a polymer?

<p>A very large molecule made of a chain of many smaller molecules linked together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are functional groups?

<p>A cluster of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules that influences the shape and function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a carboxyl group?

<p>-COOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a phosphate group?

<p>-PO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hydroxyl group?

<p>-OH</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an amino group?

<p>-NH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three basic carbon-based structures?

<p>Straight chains, branched chains, and rings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a macromolecule?

<p>A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a single covalent bond?

<p>A bond formed when two atoms share one pair of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a double covalent bond?

<p>A bond in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a triple covalent bond?

<p>A bond formed by sharing three pairs of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a quadruple covalent bond?

<p>A bond formed by sharing four pairs of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dehydration synthesis?

<p>A chemical process that makes polymers from monomers with the removal of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hydrolysis?

<p>A chemical process that breaks polymers into monomers by adding water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the important macromolecules in biology?

<p>Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Properties of Carbon

  • Carbon has a small atomic size and a valence of four, enabling the formation of four covalent bonds.
  • Ability of carbon to bond with other carbons creates a hydrocarbon backbone essential for organic compounds.

Organic Compounds

  • Defined as compounds that contain at least carbon and hydrogen.
  • Hydrocarbons are specific organic compounds consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen.

Molecular Structures

  • Monomers are the smaller units that combine to form polymers, which are very large molecules or macromolecules.
  • Basic structures of carbon-based molecules include straight chains, branched chains, and rings.

Functional Groups

  • Functional groups are specific clusters of atoms attached to carbon skeletons, influencing both molecular shape and function.
  • Key functional groups include:
    • Carboxyl group (-COOH)
    • Phosphate group (-PO4)
    • Hydroxyl group (-OH)
    • Amino group (-NH2)

Bonds in Carbon Compounds

  • Single covalent bonds involve sharing one pair of electrons between two atoms.
  • Double covalent bonds share two pairs of electrons.
  • Triple covalent bonds share three pairs of electrons.
  • Quadruple covalent bonds are formed by sharing four pairs of electrons.

Chemical Processes

  • Dehydration synthesis is a process that creates polymers from monomers while releasing water.
  • Hydrolysis is the process that breaks down polymers into monomers through the addition of water.

Important Macromolecules in Biology

  • Major types of macromolecules include:
    • Carbohydrates
    • Lipids
    • Proteins
    • Nucleic Acids

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

This quiz focuses on the unique properties of carbon that enable it to form large and complex molecules. Explore the fundamental aspects of carbon's bonding capabilities and its role as a backbone in organic compounds. Perfect for students studying biology and organic chemistry.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser