Bio100L Study Guide 3-4 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What are the products of respiration?

ATP, carbon dioxide, and water

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide, water, and light energy

What product is produced by both burning wood and by chemical respiration of carbohydrates?

Carbon dioxide

Write out the equation for photosynthesis.

6CO2 + 6H2O + light ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2 Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the water when you added phenol red?

Turned pinkish color to reflect acidity Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the water solution when you breathed into it?

The water solution became more acidic and turned yellow because we added carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the solution when Elodea stems were inserted into it?

The solution became more basic because carbon dioxide was removed as the Elodea absorbed it in order to undergo photosynthesis. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of adding Sodium Azide?

Sodium Azide interfered with the electron transport system, preventing aerobic respiration. Signup and view all the answers

What natural gas contributes to the process of global warming?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimum fuel for yeast based on the above information?

Sucrose Signup and view all the answers

What was the order of effectiveness of the respiratory fuels used to produce respiration in yeast?

Carbohydrates, protein, glycerol Signup and view all the answers

List four substances necessary for a plant to grow.

Sun, water, soil, carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product of anaerobic respiration in humans?

ATP and lactic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product of anaerobic respiration in yeast cells?

ATP and alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What are the relative amounts of ATP generated by anaerobic versus aerobic respiration?

Aerobic = 38 ATP, Anaerobic = 2 ATP Signup and view all the answers

What are the two most abundant greenhouse gases?

Water vapor and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Larger, heavier particles diffuse __________ as smaller, lighter particles?

slower Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of Elodea cells in a 10% NaCl solution?

Hypertonic, the cells will shrink. Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of Elodea cells in a 0.9% NaCl solution?

Isotonic, and it will be turgid Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of Elodea cells in distilled water?

Hypotonic, causing cells to swell. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the following substances as reactants (R) or products (P) of photosynthesis:

Carbon dioxide = Reactant Oxygen = Product Water = Reactant Glucose = Product Signup and view all the answers

What effect did different solutions have on red blood cells?

a. Hypertonic - cells shrink; b. Isotonic - cells remain the same; c. Hypotonic - cells explode. Signup and view all the answers

What substance diffuses in osmosis?

Water Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the weight of the dialysis bag filled with water and placed in a syrup solution?

Weight lowered Signup and view all the answers

What did carrot pieces placed in 10% NaCl do?

They shrunk in weight. Signup and view all the answers

What happened to carrot pieces placed in distilled water?

There was no change in the weight of the carrots. Signup and view all the answers

Which solution caused the dialysis bag to gain the most weight?

100% syrup Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Osmosis'?

Diffusion of water Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Diffusion'?

Movement of a substance through a semipermeable membrane from a high to low concentration Signup and view all the answers

What did you measure in the investigation involving syrup and dialysis tubes?

The effect of high and low concentrations of solution in osmosis Signup and view all the answers

What substance did you add to small tubes, then try to read printed text through?

Sheep blood Signup and view all the answers

If you can read text through the tubes referred to above, what does it mean about the cells involved?

It means that the cells have ruptured from the hypotonic solution. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiration and Photosynthesis

Respiration yields ATP, carbon dioxide, and water, while photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water, and light energy.
Photosynthesis equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2.

Wood and Carbon Dioxide

Cellulose in wood produces carbon dioxide through burning and respiration of carbohydrates.

Lab Experiments

Adding phenol red to water turns it pink, indicating acidity.
Breathing into the phenol red solution makes it yellow due to increased acidity from carbon dioxide.

Elodea and Solution Changes

Elodea absorbs carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, making the solution more basic over time.

Sodium Azide and Respiration

Sodium Azide inhibits aerobic respiration by interfering with the electron transport system.

Greenhouse Gases

Carbon dioxide is a key greenhouse gas, acting as a reactant in photosynthesis and a product in respiration.
Water vapor is more abundant than carbon dioxide among greenhouse gases.

Yeast and Fuel Efficiency

Sucrose is the optimal fuel for yeast, producing the highest carbon dioxide output.
Order of effectiveness for respiratory fuels: carbohydrates, proteins, glycerol.

Plant Growth Requirements

Essential for plant growth: sunlight, water, soil, and carbon dioxide.

Types of Respiration

Anaerobic respiration in humans produces ATP and lactic acid; in yeast, it produces ATP and alcohol.
Aerobic respiration generates 38 ATP; anaerobic respiration produces only 2 ATP.

Diffusion Observations

Larger particles diffuse slower than smaller particles.

Elodea Cell Reactions

10% NaCl: hypertonic solution causes Elodea to shrink.
0.9% NaCl: isotonic solution keeps Elodea turgid.
Distilled water: hypotonic solution allows water to enter Elodea, causing swelling.

Photosynthesis Reactants and Products

Carbon dioxide and water are reactants; glucose and oxygen are products of photosynthesis.

Red Blood Cells in Different Solutions

10% NaCl: hypertonic; cells shrink.
0.9% NaCl: isotonic; cells maintain size.
Distilled water: hypotonic; cells swell and potentially explode.

Osmosis and Diffusion

Osmosis refers to the diffusion of water across membranes.
Diffusion is the movement of substances from areas of high to low concentration.

Dialysis Bag Experiment

A dialysis bag in syrup solution loses weight due to water moving out.
Carrots in 10% NaCl lose weight; in distilled water, their weight remains unchanged, indicating isotonic conditions.

Measurement Investigations

Investigation involved measuring the effects of varying concentrations of solutions on osmosis.

Sheep Blood Experiment

Reading text through sheep blood indicates cell rupture due to the hypotonic solution.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts in respiration and photosynthesis essential for Bio100L. It includes flashcards that help memorize the products and reactants involved in these critical biological processes. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding before exams.