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What is the definition of bio-signaling?
What is the definition of bio-signaling?
- The equilibrium concentration of ligand binding sites on the protein
- The process by which cells translate extracellular signals into specific responses (correct)
- The ability for cells to produce, receive, and respond to internal signals
- The process of membrane permeation by ions and polar molecules
What does KD represent in the context of bio-signaling?
What does KD represent in the context of bio-signaling?
- The concentration of ligand at which half the ligand binding sites on the protein are occupied (correct)
- The rate of permeation of adrenaline through the cell membrane
- The equilibrium concentration of water molecules in the cell membrane
- The dissociation of bio-signaling molecules from the plasma membrane
Why are cell membranes effectively impermeable to ions and polar molecules?
Why are cell membranes effectively impermeable to ions and polar molecules?
- To prevent the entry of first messengers from the external environment
- Due to their high permeability to water
- As a result of high rates of adrenaline permeation
- Because of the low permeability of small molecules such as urea (correct)
What has accompanied the development of mechanisms for external chemical signaling molecules to direct the activities of cells?
What has accompanied the development of mechanisms for external chemical signaling molecules to direct the activities of cells?
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Which molecules participate in the process of bio-signaling?
Which molecules participate in the process of bio-signaling?
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