Questions and Answers
What is the next most inclusive category for classification after class chondrichthyes?
Order
What is the pH value of the gastric juice of the whale shark?
2.2
Which classification would the unidentified organism composed of multiple cells most likely belong to?
Protista
What do we call a substance in which other substances are dissolved?
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To which domain do humans and whale sharks belong?
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During glycolysis, glucose is converted to _______; however, this is not sufficient to enter into the mitochondria. It must be converted to _______.
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Which of the following monomers is NOT paired correctly?
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If salt can move freely across a cell membrane, we expect salt molecules to move ______ the whale shark cells. If salt cannot move across a membrane, water would move ____ the whale shark cells.
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The Krebs's cycle involves the rearrangement of carbon molecules. These reactions provide ______ for use later in _____.
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The process by which ATP is produced in the mitochondria is called ______ and results when protons (H+) move through the _____.
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What type of bond holds magnesium and chloride together in magnesium chloride (MgCl2)?
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What must a neutral (uncharged) atom contain?
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Which organelle chemically modifies and ships proteins to other organelles or out of the cell?
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What are the by-products of respiration without adequate oxygen?
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To which class do oils belong as important biomolecules?
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What process brings large macromolecules or tiny particles into the cell by forming a vesicle?
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What indicates that an organism is eukaryotic and not prokaryotic?
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What type of lipids are common in cell membranes, having a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part?
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Study Notes
Whale Sharks and Classification
- Whale sharks are the largest fish species, growing up to 40 feet and weighing up to 15 tons.
- They fall under Phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrate, class Chondrichthyes; their next classification is Order.
Gastric Juice and pH
- The gastric juice of whale sharks has an acidic pH of 2.2.
Cellular Structure and Classification
- An unidentified organism studying surface parasites in whale sharks is multicellular with a membrane-bound nucleus, likely classified under Protista.
Solvents and Ocean Water
- Ocean water serves as a solvent, comprising water, salts, minerals, and organic matter.
Domains of Life
- Both humans and whale sharks belong to the domain Eukarya.
Glycolysis and Mitochondria
- Glycolysis converts glucose into pyruvate, which must be further processed into acetyl-CoA to enter mitochondria.
Monomer Pairing
- Nucleotides are incorrectly paired with proteins; other classes of monomers correctly include amino acids and fatty acids.
Salt Concentration and Cell Dynamics
- In a saline environment, salt moves into whale shark cells, while water moves out if the salt cannot permeate the membrane.
Krebs Cycle and Energy
- The Krebs cycle rearranges carbon molecules, producing high-energy molecules utilized in electron transport.
ATP Production
- ATP production occurs in the mitochondria through chemiosmosis, driven by protons moving through ATP synthase.
Chemical Bonds in Ocean Water
- Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) dissociates into Mg2+ and Cl- in water, held together by ionic bonds.
Neutral Atoms
- Neutral atoms possess an equal number of protons and electrons.
Golgi Complex Function
- The Golgi Complex is a membranous organelle that modifies proteins and ships them to other organelles or outside the cell.
Anaerobic Respiration in Whale Sharks
- Insufficient glucose and oxygen lead to anaerobic respiration in whale sharks, resulting in lactic acid as a byproduct.
Whale Shark Oil Production
- Whale shark livers are proficient at producing oils, yielding up to 3000 liters; these oils belong to the lipid class of biomolecules.
Feeding Mechanisms
- Whale sharks utilize endocytosis to absorb large macromolecules and tiny organisms, forming vesicles in the outer membrane for transport.
Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Organisms
- An organism is classified as eukaryotic if it contains membrane-bound organelles.
Lipids in Cell Membranes
- Certain lipids in cell membranes possess hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts, contributing to membrane structure and function.
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Prepare for your Biology final with these flashcards covering key concepts such as the classification of whale sharks and their anatomy. This quiz helps reinforce your understanding of aquatic life and biological taxonomy. Perfect for revision before the exam!
