BIO 329 Exam 2: Synapses and Gap Junctions
40 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the process by which the vesicle membrane is recovered after neurotransmitter release?

  • Exocytosis
  • Endocytosis (correct)
  • Diffusion
  • Enzymatic destruction

    • What is the primary function of auto-receptors found on the presynaptic membrane?

  • To increase postsynaptic potentials
  • To inhibit neurotransmitter release (correct)
  • To increase neurotransmitter release
  • To degrade neurotransmitters

    • What is the purpose of neurotransmitter reuptake into the presynaptic terminal?

  • To increase neurotransmitter concentration in the synaptic cleft
  • To degrade the neurotransmitter
  • To recycle the neurotransmitter for future release (correct)
  • To desensitize postsynaptic receptors

    • How do receptor antagonists affect neurotransmitter receptors?

    <p>They inhibit the receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of synaptic integration in the central nervous system?

    <p>To combine multiple synaptic inputs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic potentials?

    <p>Neurotransmitter release causes depolarization (EPSP) and hyperpolarization (IPSP) of the postsynaptic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which neurotransmitters are cleared from the synaptic cleft?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of receptor agonists in neuropharmacology?

    <p>They mimic the actions of naturally occurring neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between electrical and chemical synapses?

    <p>Electrical synapses use gap junctions, while chemical synapses use neurotransmitter release.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mitochondria in chemical synapses?

    <p>Mitochondria provide the energy required to pack neurotransmitters into secretory granules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of gap junctions in electrical synapses?

    <p>Gap junctions allow the flow of ions from the cytoplasm of one cell to the cytoplasm of another, enabling electrical coupling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of synaptic integration in the context of neuronal signaling?

    <p>Synaptic integration allows the neuron to generate an action potential by integrating multiple postsynaptic potentials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between Gray's type I and Gray's type II synaptic membrane differentiations?

    <p>Gray's type I synapses are asymmetrical and usually excitatory, while Gray's type II synapses are symmetrical and usually inhibitory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the neuromuscular junction?

    <p>The neuromuscular junction is the site where a motor neuron synapses with a muscle fiber to facilitate muscle contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the process of exocytosis contribute to the release of neurotransmitters at chemical synapses?

    <p>Exocytosis is the process by which neurotransmitter-filled vesicles fuse with the presynaptic membrane, allowing the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of calcium ions (Ca^2+) in the process of neurotransmitter release at chemical synapses?

    <p>Calcium ions bind to proteins in the presynaptic terminal, causing them to change conformation and stimulate the release of neurotransmitters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cerebellum?

    <p>Detecting errors in movements and adjusting the next movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain structure is responsible for relaying information about the body’s senses to the rest of the brain?

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the hypothalamus in the brain?

    <p>Controlling the pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cranial nerves are there in the human body?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain structure is responsible for motor learning and executive functions?

    <p>Basal Ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does the hippocampus mainly serve in the brain?

    <p>Responsible for long term memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain structure provides a link between the central nervous system and the endocrine system?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the basal ganglia in the brain?

    <p>Motor control, motor learning, and executive functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial structure from which the central nervous system (CNS) develops?

    <p>Neural tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the neural crest cells originate?

    <p>On either side of the neural tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure produces the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>Choroid plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the path that the CSF takes before being absorbed into the bloodstream?

    <p>Flows from the lateral ventricles through unpaired ventricles in the thalamus, midbrain, and brain stem as well as the spinal canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the CSF exit the ventricular system?

    <p>Through small apertures near the base of the cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells provide the myelin sheath for the optic nerve axons?

    <p>Oligodendroglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>To cushion and protect the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the neural crest cells?

    <p>To give rise to the entire peripheral nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome if an epidural hematoma is not treated quickly and efficiently?

    <p>Death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which space does an epidural hematoma typically occur in relation to the brain?

    <p>Epidural space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape typically described for an epidural hematoma on a CT scan?

    <p>Biconvex, lens-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In synaptic transmission, which type of synapse involves the direct connection of adjacent cells by gap junctions?

    <p>Electrical synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main direction of information flow in synaptic transmission?

    <p>Generally in one direction: neuron to target cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does synaptic integration play in exciting a neuron?

    <p>Several postsynaptic potentials occurring simultaneously to excite a neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is information typically transferred during a chemical synapse?

    <p>Via the release of neurotransmitters detected by an adjacent cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can Taylor’s physician do clinically to address the epidural hematoma?

    <p>Drain or surgically remove the blood from the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser